Ch. 10

Question 0

What do growth factors stimulate?

Answer 0

The growth and development of embryonic cells

Question 1

Cyclins

Answer 1

A group of proteins that regulate the timing of the cell cycle by triggering the next phase of the cell cycle

Question 2

What happens when cells grow and divide without restraint?

Answer 2

Tumor

Question 3

Benign

Answer 3

Harmless tumor, stays where it is formed

Question 4

Cancer

Answer 4

Uncontrolled cell division and growth, frequently invading other tissues. The cancer interferes with the ability of the tissues to do their jobs

Question 5

What five things does cancer do?

Answer 5

1. Invade and destroy healthy surrounding tissues
2. Absorb nutrients needed by other cells
3. Prevent invaded organs from working properly
4. Move to other parts of the body
5. Are resistant to apoptosis

Question 6

Apoptosis

Answer 6

Programmed cell death (cell suicide)

Question 7

Zygote

Answer 7

Totipotent, can develop into any type of cell

Question 8

Blastocyst

Answer 8

A small hollow ball of cells

Question 9

Pluripotent

Answer 9

Can develop into most cell types

Question 10

Contains embryonic stem cells which are pluripotent cells

Answer 10

Embryo

Question 11

Multi potent cells

Answer 11

Cells that can differentiate into many other cells (t-cells)

Question 12

Where do stem cells come from?

Answer 12

Aborted fetus’

Question 13

Why do cells divide?

Answer 13

1. There is not enough DNA to meet the needs of the cell

2. Limited surface area

Question 14

What is the original cell called?

Answer 14

Parent cell

Question 15

What is the new cell called?

Answer 15

Daughter cell

Question 16

What happens in cell division?

Answer 16

1. Each chromosome is copied exactly

2. Chromosomes sorted so each daughter cell gets complete sets

Question 17

What is DNA wound up around?

Answer 17

Histones

Question 18

What is DNA called when it is wound up in histones?

Answer 18

Chromatin

Question 19

Chromosomes

Answer 19

Long cylindrical structures made out of chromatin

Question 20

Centromere

Answer 20

What two identical chromosome are held together by

Question 21

How many copies of chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 21

2

Question 22

Diploid

Answer 22

A cell that has two copies of each chromosome

Question 23

Haploid

Answer 23

A cell that only contains a single copy of a chromosome

Question 24

How many chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 24

23 or 46

Question 25

Karyotype

Answer 25

An organized picture of chromosomes

Question 26

Describes the events that cells go through as they grow and divide

Answer 26

Cell cycle

Question 27

What are the two major processes that the cell cycle are divided into?

Answer 27

1. Interphase | 2. Mitosis

Question 28

The phase that is spent between the stages of mitosis. The cell grows and prepares itself for mitosis

Answer 28

Interphase

Question 29

A collection of steps that physically divides up the cellular components of the cells and then physically divides the cell via Cytokenisis

Answer 29

Mitosis

Question 30

What are the three steps of interphase?

Answer 30

1. G1 2. S phase 3. G2

Question 31

What happens in S phase?

Answer 31

The chromosomes make a copy of each other

Question 32

What makes mitosis and cytokenisis different?

Answer 32

Mitosis-division of the nucleus | Cytokenisis-division of the cell

Question 33

What are the stages of mitosis?

Answer 33

Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

Question 34

What is the first and longest stage of mitosis?

Answer 34

Prophase

Question 35

In what stage of mitosis does the cytoplasm divide?

Answer 35

Cytokenisis

Question 36

What is the end result of mitosis and cytokenisis?

Answer 36

2 new daughter cells

Question 37

What are gametes? Diploid or haploid?

Answer 37

Haploid

Question 38

2 stage form of nuclear division in which the chromosomes number is halved

Answer 38

Meiosis

Question 39

Meiosis 1

Answer 39

Reduces the number of chromosomes by half

Question 40

Meiosis 2

Answer 40

Separates identical copies of chromosomes

Question 41

What is meiosis followed by?

Answer 41

Cytokinesis

Question 42

What happens in prophase 1?

Answer 42

Duplicated homologous chromosomes come together to form a tetras

Question 43

Tetrad

Answer 43

Consists of 4 chromosomes

Question 44

Do centromeres split in anaphase 1?

Answer 44

NO

Question 45

What is Meiosis 2 like?

Answer 45

Mitosis

Question 46

What are male gametes?

Answer 46

Sperm

Question 47

What are female gametes?

Answer 47

Eggs

Question 48

How come all four eggs can't be fertilized?

Answer 48

Because one is bigger so it beats out all the rest

Question 49

What are the other up fertilized eggs called?

Answer 49

Polar bodies, they disintegrate, you release one egg when you ovulate

Question 50

What are polar bodies in plants used for?

Answer 50

To nourish the zygote

Question 51

What is the difference between meiosis and mitosis?

Answer 51

Mitosis-two identical diploid cells are produced | Meiosis- four genetically different haploid cells are produced

Question 52

When does crossing over occur?

Answer 52

Meiosis 1

Question 53

Occurs when chromosomes are tightly held together during meiosis 1, chromosomes exchange fragments of DNA, chromosomes are no longer identical

Answer 53

Crossing over

Question 54

Why is crossing over necessary?

Answer 54

Natural selection

Question 55

Law of independent assortment

Answer 55

Two or more pairs of alleles separate independently of one another during gamete formation