Ch. 11 Minerals and Bone Health Flashcards
minerals: ________ elements needed by the body in ____ for health/maintenance
inorganic (non-carbon), small amounts
major minerals are needed in the diet in amounts greater than ____ per day or in body in amounts _______
100mg, greater than 0.01% of body weight
major minerals
Na, Mg, K, Ca, P, S, Cl
trace minerals are required in the diet in amounts less than ___ or present in body in amounts ______
100mg, less than 0.01% of body weight
trace minerals
F, Si, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, I, etc.
bioavailability is the amount of a substance that is released from ____, ___ in the ____, and available for the body to use by ______
food, absorbed/GI tract, cells and tissues
is bioavailability the same or different for each mineral?
different
additional factors affecting mineral bioavailability
- dose
- chemical form
- food matrix
- coingestion of other nutrients
- compounds binding minerals
cofactors are needed to _______ and _____
activate enzymes, catalyze reactions
minerals (are/are not) essential cofactors in many metabolic processes
are
bone structure: ____ matrix with _______ crystals to support it
collagen (protein), hydroxyapatite
\_\_\_\_\_ = hard outer shell \_\_\_\_ = spongy inner bone
cortical bone, trabecular bone
cortical bone is ___% of total bone mass; trabecular is __%
80%, 20%
cortical bone serves are main _____ for body weight and _____
structural support, protects organs
trabecular bone has a _________ and supers of support for _____
higher surface area, mechanical stress
bone is a ______ tissue
living/dynamic
adult skeleton is completely remodeled every _____
10 years
bone remodeling is the result of _______, and older bone becomes more ____
osteoclast/osteoblast, fragile
brittle bone disease, defined by having
significant losses in bone mass that makes individual
more susceptible to fragility fracture
osteoporosis
osteoporosis is calculated using a ____
T-score
