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Z. ANPH > Ch 11 Respiration > Flashcards

Ch 11 Respiration Flashcards

(92 cards)

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1
Q

The main function of the respiratory system is to provide ____ to body cells for energy metabolism and to eliminate _____.

A

oxygen, carbon dioxide

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2
Q

T or F. The respiratory system works closely with the cardiovascular system to accomplish gas exchange.

A

True

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3
Q

Exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood takes place in the ____.

A

Exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood takes place in the lungs.

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4
Q

Two cone-shaped organs

located in the thoracic cavity

A

lungs

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5
Q

A double membrane that covers the lungs and lines the thoracic
cavity.

A

pleura

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6
Q

The outer layer that is attached to the wall of the thoracic cavity

A

parietal pleura

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7
Q

The inner layer that is attached to the surface of the lungs

A

visceral pleura

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8
Q

The very thin, fluid-filled space between the two layers of the pleura

A

the pleural space

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9
Q

T or F. Air is carried to and from the lungs in a series of tubes in which no gas exchange occurs.

A

True

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10
Q

Air enters through the nose, where it is ____, ____,

and ____ as it passes over the hair-covered mucous membranes of the nasal cavity.

A

warmed, filtered and moistened

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11
Q

Microscopic hairlike projections from the cells that line the nose and sweep dirt and foreign material toward the throat for elimination.

A

cilia

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12
Q

Material that is eliminated from the respiratory tract by coughing or clearing the throat

A

sputum

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13
Q

Air filled cavities lined with mucous membranes that

drain into the nasal cavity. These chambers lighten the bones and provide resonance for speech production.

A

sinus

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14
Q

Together, because they are near the nose, these cavities are referred to as the ______.

A

paranasal sinuses

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15
Q

Receptors for the sense of smell are located within bony side projections of the nasal cavity called _____ or _____.

A

turbinate

bones, conchae

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16
Q

The medical term for breathing

A

pulmonary ventilation

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17
Q

What are two structures of the upper respiratory system?

A
  1. nose

2. pharynx

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18
Q

What are the three parts of the pharynx?

A
  1. nasopharynx
  2. oropharynx
  3. laryngeal pharynx

naso-oro-laryngeal

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19
Q

What are the four structures of the lower respiratory system?

A
  1. larynx
  2. trachea
  3. bronchi
  4. terminal bronchioles

LTBTB

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20
Q

The medical term for throat

A

pharynx

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21
Q

The upper portion of the pharynx behind the nasal cavity

A

the nasopharynx

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22
Q

The middle portion of the pharynx behind the mouth

A

the oropharynx

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23
Q

The lower portion of the pharynx behind the larynx.

A

the laryngeal pharynx

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24
Q

The ____ are on either side of the soft palate in the oropharynx.

A

palatine tonsils

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25
The ______, or adenoids, are in the nasopharynx.
pharyngeal tonsils
26
The pharynx conducts air into the ____, a tube reinforced with C-shaped rings of cartilage to prevent its collapse.
trachea
27
Cilia in the lining of the trachea move impurities up toward the throat, where they can be eliminated by ___ or by ___.
swallowing, expectoration
28
At the top of the trachea and is shaped by nine cartilages, | the most prominent of which is the thyroid cartilage at the front that forms the “Adam’s apple.”
larynx
29
The opening | between the vocal cords
glottis
30
Cartilage that covers the opening of the larynx and helps to prevent food from entering the respiratory tract when swallowing.
epiglottis
31
The larynx contains the ______, folds of tissue that are important in speech production
vocal cords
32
_____ produced by air passing over the vocal cords form the basis for voice production, although portions of the throat and mouth are needed for proper articulation of speech.
vibrations
33
The trachea is contained in a region known as the ____, which consists of the space between the lungs together with the organs contained in this space.
mediastinum
34
T or F. In addition to the trachea, the mediastinum contains the heart, esophagus, large vessels, and other tissues.
True
35
At its lower end, the trachea divides into a right and a left main stem _____ that enter the lungs.
bronchus
36
The right bronchus divides into ___ secondary bronchi that enter the ___ lobes of the right lung.
three, three
37
The left bronchus divides into ___ branches that supply the ___ lobes of the left lung.
two, two
38
Further divisions | produce an increasing number of smaller tubes that supply air to smaller subdivisions of lung tissue
bronchioles
39
As the air passageways progress through the lungs, the cartilage in the walls gradually disappears and is replaced by _____ muscle.
smooth (involuntary)
40
The smallest of the conducting tubes, the bronchioles, carry air into the microscopic air sacs called ______.
alveoli
41
Structure through which gases are exchanged between the lungs and the blood
alveoli
42
T or F. It is through the ultrathin walls of the alveoli and their surrounding capillaries that oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood for elimination.
true
43
Breathing consists of a steady cycle of _____ and _____, separated by a period of rest.
inspiration (inhalation), expiration (exhalation)
44
The breathing cycle begins when the _____ stimulates the _____ to contract and flatten, thus enlarging the _____.
phrenic nerve, diaphragm, chest cavity
45
The resulting decrease in _____ within the thorax causes air to be pulled into the lungs
pressure
46
The ______ between the ribs aid in inspiration by pulling the ribs up and out.
intercostal muscles
47
The measure of how easily the lungs expand under pressure
compliance
48
Fluid produced within the lung that aids in compliance by reducing surface tension within the alveoli.
surfactant
49
Expiration occurs as the breathing muscles ____, the | lungs go back to their original size, and air is forced out.
relax
50
Muscles of the ____ and ___ are used in addition for forceful inhalation.
neck and thorax
51
Muscles of the ____ and ____ can be called on for forceful exhalation.
rib cage and abdomen
52
Breathing is normally regulated unconsciously by centers in the _____.
brainstem
53
T or F. Brainstem centers adjust the rate and rhythm of breathing according to changes in the composition of the blood, especially the concentration of carbon dioxide.
true
54
Oxygen is carried in the blood bound to _____ and is released to the cells as needed.
hemoglobin in red blood cells
55
Carbon dioxide is carried in several ways but is mostly converted to an acid called _____
carbonic acid
56
The amount of carbon dioxide that is exhaled is important in regulating the ____ or ____ of the blood, based on the amount of carbonic acid that is formed.
acidity or alkalinity
57
T or F. Dangerous shifts in blood pH can result from too much or too little carbon dioxide being exhaled.
True
58
-pnea
breathing
59
-oxia
level of oxygen
60
When referring to levels of O2 or CO2 in the blood, the suffix ____ is used
-emia
61
-capnia
level of CO2
62
-phonia
voice
63
nas/o
nose
64
rhin/o
nose
65
pharyng/o
pharynx
66
layrng/o
larynx
67
trache/o
trachea
68
bronch/o, bronch/i
bronchus
69
bronchiol
bronchiole
70
phrenic/o
phrenic nerve
71
pleur/o
pleura
72
pulm/o,pulmon/o
lungs
73
pneumon/o
lung
74
pneum/o, pneumat/o
air, gas; also respiration, lung
75
spir/o
breathing
76
ABG
arterial blood gas
77
RDS
respiratory distress syndrome
78
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
79
LLL
lower left lobe
80
LUL
upper left lobe
81
PFT
pulmonary function test(s)
82
RML
right middle love
83
T&A
tonsils and adenoids
84
TLC
total lung capacity
85
TLC
total lung capacity
86
During inspiration, pressure in the lungs ____ and air is pulled in
decreases
87
During expiration, lung pressure _____
increases
88
Carbon dioxide is mostly transported in ____
plasma
89
What factors increases respiration?
anxiety, vigorous exercise
90
What are RS infections caused by bacteria
bronchitis, laryngitis, pneumonia
91
Most common cause of death in newborns caused by a deficient amount of surfanctant
RDS Respiratory Distress Syndrome
92
PFTs are used to assess breathing using a _____ and measures volumes of air that can be moved in or out of the lungs.
spirometer

Z. ANPH (18 decks)

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