Ch 19 The Skeletal System

Question 1

What are the functions of the skeleton?

Answer 1

support, protection and movement, mineral storage (calcium) and blood cell formation

Question 2

Name the 2 parts of the skeleton.

Answer 2

axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton

Question 3

How many bones are in the adult skeleton?

Answer 3

206`

Question 4

What composes the axial skeleton?

Answer 4

head, spine, thorax

Question 5

What composes the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 5

pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, arm, leg

Question 6

What composes the pectoral or shoulder girdle?

Answer 6

scapula and clavicle

Question 7

Which bones are in each arm?

Answer 7

humerus, radius, ulna, carpals (8), metacarpals (5), phalanges (14)

Question 8

What composes the pelvic girdle?

Answer 8

hip bones

Question 9

Which bones make up the hip bones?

Answer 9

ilium, ischium and pubis

Question 10

Which bones are in each leg?

Answer 10

femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals (7), metatarsals (5), phalanges (14)

Question 11

What is the medical term for heel bones?

Answer 11

calcaneus

Question 12

The head of the femur is held in a deep socket in the hip bone called the ____

Answer 12

acetabulum

Question 13

T or F. The heel bone is one of the tarsals.

Answer 13

T

Question 14

How many carpals are in each arm?

Answer 14

8

Question 15

How many metacarpals are in each arm?

Answer 15

5

Question 16

How many phalanges are in each arm?

Answer 16

14

Question 17

How many tarsals in each leg?

Answer 17

7

Question 18

How many metatarsals in each leg?

Answer 18

5

Question 19

How many phalanges in each leg?

Answer 19

14

Question 20

Name the 3 bone cells.

Answer 20

1. osteoblasts
2. osteocytes
3. osteoclasts

Question 21

Immature bone cells responsible for the production of new bone

Answer 21

osteoblasts

Question 22

Medical term for production of new bone

Answer 22

ossification

Question 23

Osteoblasts add ____ and ____ to cartilage

Answer 23

Osteoblasts add calcium and phosphorus to cartilage

Question 24

Mature bone cells that help repair damaged bone

Answer 24

osteocytes

Question 25

Bone cells that maintain the density and composition of bone by removing calcium

Answer 25

osteoclasts

Question 26

Medical term for the release of stored minerals

Answer 26

resorption

Question 27

Bone cells essential for bone remodeling and growth

Answer 27

osteoclasts

Question 28

Which bones are classified as long bones?

Answer 28

femur, humerus, phalanges

Question 29

Which bones are classified as short bones?

Answer 29

wrist and ankle bones

Question 30

Which bones are classified as flat bones?

Answer 30

skull bones, sternum

Question 31

Which bones are classified as irregular bones?

Answer 31

vertebra, hip bones

Question 32

Name the 5 factors in the structure of long bones.

Answer 32

1. diaphysis 2. medullary cavity 3. epiphyses 4. metaphysis 5. periosteum

Question 33

Long bone area that has mostly compact bone tissue

Answer 33

diaphysis

Question 34

Long bone area that contains yellow bone marrow

Answer 34

medullary cavity

Question 35

Long bone area that is spongy bone tissue covered by cartilage

Answer 35

epiphyses

Question 36

Long bone area between the diaphysis and the epiphysis at each end

Answer 36

metaphysis

Question 37

Long bone area that contains the epiphyseal plate

Answer 37

metaphysis

Question 38

Medical term for growth plate

Answer 38

epiphyseal plate

Question 39

Long bone area composed of fibrous connective tissue

Answer 39

periosteum

Question 40

How are bones classified?

Answer 40

by shape

Question 41

How are joints classified?

Answer 41

degree of movement

Question 42

Name the 3 joint classifications.

Answer 42

1. suture 2. symphysis (amphiarthrodial) 3. synovial (diatrhrosis)

Question 43

Immovable joint such as skull bones

Answer 43

suture joint

Question 44

Slightly moveable joint where bones are joined by cartilage tissue, such as the joint between pelvic bones

Answer 44

symphysis or amphiarthrodial joint

Question 45

Freely moveable joint that involves a fluid-containing cavity between bones such as elbows, knees, and shoulders

Answer 45

synovial joint (diarthrosis)

Question 46

Name the 5 factors that compose a synovial joints.

Answer 46

1. articular cartilage 2. joint capsule 3. synovial membrane 4. synovial fluid 5. bursa

Question 47

Synovial joint: the smooth cartilage that covers the end of each long bone

Answer 47

articular cartilage

Question 48

Articular cartilage is also called _____

Answer 48

hyaline cartilage

Question 49

Synovial joint: encloses the joint and joins with the periosteum

Answer 49

joint capsule

Question 50

Synovial joint: lines the inner surfaces of the joint cavity and secrete synovial fluid

Answer 50

synovial membrane

Question 51

Synovial joint: provides lubrication and a cushion for the joint

Answer 51

synovial fluid

Question 52

Synovial joint: small sac of synovial fluid that acts as a cushion for the area around the joint

Answer 52

bursa

Question 53

oste/o

Answer 53

bone

Question 54

myel/o

Answer 54

bone marrow, spinal cord

Question 55

chondr/o

Answer 55

cartilage

Question 56

arthr/o

Answer 56

joint

Question 57

burs/o

Answer 57

bursa

Question 58

synov/i

Answer 58

synovial fluid, joint, membrane

Question 59

crani/o

Answer 59

skull, cranium

Question 60

spondyl/o

Answer 60

vertebra

Question 61

vertebr/o

Answer 61

vertebra, spinal column

Question 62

rachi/o

Answer 62

spine

Question 63

cost/o

Answer 63

rib

Question 64

sacr/o

Answer 64

sacrum

Question 65

coccy, coccyg/o

Answer 65

coccyx

Question 66

pelvi/o

Answer 66

pelvis

Question 67

ili/o

Answer 67

ilium

Question 68

What makes up the axial skeleton?

Answer 68

skull spinal column ribs sternum

Question 69

What makes up the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 69

bones of arms, legs, shoulder girdle, pelvis

Question 70

What are types of synovial joint movement

Answer 70

1. gliding 2. angular movements 3. rotation 4. special movements

Question 71

Condition in which there is a decrease in estrogen that increases susceptibility

Answer 71

osteoporosis

Question 72

Osteoarthritis involves the degeneration of ___

Answer 72

articular cartilage

Question 73

Caused by herniated intervetebral disk putting pressure on the spinal cord or spinal nerves

Answer 73

sciatica