ch. 12

Question 1

_____: the transfer of heat from one solid material to another through direct molecular contact

Answer 1

Conduction

Question 2

______: moving heat from one place to another by the motion of gas or liquid across a heated surface

Answer 2

Convection

Question 3

_______________: heat is given off in the form of infrared rays. Primary method of heat dissipation at rest.

Answer 3

Radiation

Question 4

_______________: heat is lost when fluid evaporates. Primary method of heat dissipation during exercise

Answer 4

Evaporation

Question 5

• Evaporation accounts for ___% of heat lost during exercise vs. _______% at rest

Answer 5

80

10-20

Question 6

• As body core temp increases, _________ production increases, the ________________ provides cooling.

Answer 6

sweat

evaporation

Question 7

• ________ _________ pressure of the air plays a major role in evaporative heat loss

Answer 7

water vapor

Question 8

• ________ humidity (regardless of temp) limits _____________of ________

Answer 8

high
evaporation
sweat

Question 9

______ humidity is ideal for sweat ______________

Answer 9

low

evaporation

Question 10

Internal body temperature: • _____ to ______°F

Answer 10

97

100

Question 11

Internal body temp Can exceed _____ °F during exercise

Answer 11

104

Question 12

Internal body temp May be _______°F in active muscles

Answer 12

107.6

Question 13

• Small increases from resting temp. make muscles’ _________ systems more efficient (warm-up important)

Answer 13

energy

Question 14

• Body temp. above ______ °F affects the ___________ system, reducing the ability to unload excess heat

Answer 14

104

nervous

Question 15

• The ________ _____________ houses the thermoregulatory center, acting as a thermostat, monitoring temp

Answer 15

anterior hypothalamus

Question 16

• ____________________ in the skin and brain transmit information about the body’s internal temp

Answer 16

thermoreceptors

Question 17

• __________ thermoreceptors (brain) are far more sensitive to changes than _____________ (skin)

Answer 17

central

peripheral

Question 18

1. ________ arterioles: smooth muscle causes these vessels to _______to direct blood to the skin for ______ transfer or to __________ to retain _______ deep in the body

Answer 18

skin 
dilate
heat
constrict '
heat

Question 19

2. __________ ___________: _________ activity ____________temp. by increasing ____________heat production

Answer 19

skeletal muscle
muscle
increases
metabolic

Question 20

.____________ Glands: Heat production is also _____________by actions of _____________such as _______________and _______________

Answer 20

Endocrine 
increased
hormones
thyroxine
epi/ nor epi

Question 21

_________ ________ Glands: Increased ________ gland activity ____________temp by increasing _____________heat loss

Answer 21

Eccrine sweat
sweat
decreases
evaporative

Question 22

ater in sweat comes from the _______________ fluid in our bodies.

Answer 22

interstitial

Question 23

• During prolonged sweating, water moves out of our _________ __________ into the ____________ spaces to be absorbed and released by the sweat glands.

Answer 23

blood plasma

interstitial

Question 24

Effects of Exercising in Hot Environment

1. Increases _____
2. Decreases ______
3. __________of ________to the skin

Answer 24

HR
BP
Shunting blood

Question 25

_________ _______________theory: the ________will send signals to stop exercise when ___________ temp is reached, between _____ and _____ °F

Answer 25

critical temperative brain critical core 104 105

Question 26

• Variables: Air temp, __________, Air_________, Amount of thermal ________

Answer 26

humidity velocity radiation

Question 27

Heat-Related Disorders * 1. Heat _________ * 2. Heat _________ * 3. Heat__________

Answer 27

cramps exhaustion stroke

Question 28

Heat cramps: | Symptoms: Severe and painful _____________ of the large __________ groups, excessive ________

Answer 28

cramping muscle thirst

Question 29

Heat cramps: | Causes: __________ losses and _____________

Answer 29

sodium | dehydration

Question 30

Heat Cramps: | Prevention: Proper ____________and liberally ______ food

Answer 30

hydration | salt

Question 31

Heat cramps: | Treatment: Move to ___________ location and administer ________ or ________ solution

Answer 31

cooler fluids saline

Question 32

Heat exhaustion: | Symptoms: Extreme___________ , dizziness, nausea, vomiting, fainting, ________ pulse, __________, headache

Answer 32

fatigue rapid chills

Question 33

Heat exhaustion: Causes: Cardiovascular system’s ___________ to meet the body’s ________ as it becomes______________, blood volume decreases, _______

Answer 33

inability needs severely dehydrated Na+

Question 34

Heat exhaustion: | Treatment: Move to cooler environment, _________feet; give oral saline if conscious or intravenous saline if unconscious

Answer 34

elevate

Question 35

Symptoms: Core body temp >________ °F, ____________of sweating, ________pulse and respiration, confusion, disorientation, or _____________________

Answer 35

104 cessation rapid unconsciousness

Question 36

Heat stroke: | Cause: Failure of the body’s ________________________

Answer 36

thermoregulatory

Question 37

Treatment: ___________ ______ body in ______ water or ____ bath or with ____ towels; seek medical attention (911)

Answer 37

rapidly coll cold ice wet

Question 38

You can achieve heat acclimation by exercising in the heat for ___ _______ or more each day for ___ to ___ days.

Answer 38

1 hour 9 14

Question 39

1. Core temp ___ less during exercise than before _____________

Answer 39

increases | acclimation

Question 40

2. Improved capacity for more _________

Answer 40

work

Question 41

3. ____________ begins __________ during exercise

Answer 41

sweating | earlier

Question 42

4. Sweat becomes more __________

Answer 42

dilute

Question 43

5. ____ Sweating ______during exercise

Answer 43

increase | rate

Question 44

Peripheral _______________________ reduces _______ flow to skin

Answer 44

vasoconstriction | blood

Question 45

__________________ thermogenesis is stimulation of metabolism by the _____________ nervous system

Answer 45

nonshivering | sympathetic

Question 46

_____________ involves rapid ______________ cycle of _____________and relaxation of ____________ to increase _________ production

Answer 46

``` shivering involuntary contraction muscles heat ```

Question 47

Factors That Affect Body Heat Loss * 1. Body _______ and ______________ * 2. ______ temperature * 3. _______________ * 4. ____________ immersion

Answer 47

size composition air windchill water

Question 48

• Water: much __________ thermal conductivity than air

Answer 48

greater

Question 49

• Heat loss is ___ times ________in water compared to air

Answer 49

4 faster

Question 50

• Heat loss is _______________if the water is __________ around the

Answer 50

accelerated | moving

Question 51

Muscle Response to Exercise in the Cold 1. It is _______ able to produce _______ 2. __________can occur more rapidly 3. Causes ___ muscle shortening _________ 4. ___ muscle ________

Answer 51

less force fatigue decrease velocity decrease power

Question 52

Prolonged Exercise in the Cold 1. Become more susceptible to ________________ 2. __________ supplies diminish 3. ____ Metabolic ________ production

Answer 52

hypothermia energy decrease heat

Question 53

Hypothermia: the Ability of the ___________________to regulate body temp. is lost if body core temp. drops below _______ °F

Answer 53

hypothalamus | 94.1

Question 54

• Hypothermia causes HR to ____, from impaired ____________ conduction through the ____ _______.

Answer 54

decrease cardiac SA node

Question 55

• ____ respiratory rate and _________

Answer 55

decrease | volume

Question 56

frostbite: Consequence of the body’s attempts to prevent heat loss, can lead to tissue __________

Answer 56

necrosis

Question 57

• ___________ skin can _________ quickly

Answer 57

exposed | freeze

Question 58

• Can lead to _____________and loss of tissue

Answer 58

gangrene