Chapter 2

Question 0

The energy we derive from food is stored in cells in the form of what

Answer 0

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 1

Nutrients from good are the substrates for metabolism and are provided and stored as what

Answer 1

Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins

Question 2

What serves as the immediate source of energy for most body functions including muscle contraction

Answer 2

ATP

Question 3

During intense short duration muscular effort, the body relies mostly on what to generate ATP

Answer 3

Carbs

Question 4

Longer, less intense exercise utilizes what to sustain energy production

Answer 4

Carbs and fat

Question 5

All dietary carbohydrate is ultimately converted to what

Answer 5

Glucose

Question 6

Glucose is taken up by muscle and liver and converted and stored as the complex sugar molecule called

Answer 6

Glycogen

Question 7

Glycogen is converted back to glucose as needed and transported by the blood to the muscle to form

Answer 7

ATP

Question 8

Fat provides substantial energy during prolonged, _____ ________ activity

Answer 8

Low intensity

Question 9

Fat is stored as _______ and must be broken down to ______ to be used in metabolism

Answer 9

Triglycerides

Free fatty acids

Question 10

More energy is derived from breaking down _____ compared to ______

Answer 10

Fat

Carbs

Question 11

What can be used as a minor source of energy

Answer 11

Protein

Question 12

Proteins can generate FFAs during starvation through what

Answer 12

Lipogenesis

Question 13

Protein only supplies what percent of our energy during prolonged exercise

Answer 13

5-10%

Question 14

Proteins must be broken down to their basic units—-________ to be used for energy

Answer 14

Amino acids

Question 15

ATP is generated through what three energy systems

Answer 15

ATP-PCr system
Glycolytic system
Oxidative system

Question 16

The release of ATP and PCr is facilitated by the enzyme _________

Answer 16

Creatine kinase

Question 17

Does the ATP-PCr system require oxygen

Answer 17

No

Question 18

ATP and PCr sustain the muscles energy needs for. How many seconds during an all out sprint

Answer 18

3-15

Question 19

In the ATP-PCr system energy yields ___ moles of ATP per ___ mole of PCr

Answer 19

1

1

Question 20

Does The Glycolytic system require oxygen

Answer 20

No

Question 21

1 mole of glycogen produces ___ moles of ATP; 1 mole of glucose produces ___ moles of ATP

Answer 21

3

2

Question 22

ATP-PCr and glycolysis provide the energy for how many minutes of all out activity

Answer 22

2

Question 23

The oxidative system uses ____ to generate energy

Answer 23

O2

Question 24

Oxidative production of ATP occurs in the what

Answer 24

Mitochondria

Question 25

The oxidative system produces much more energy production than the other systems. T or F

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Oxidative system is _____ to turn on

Answer 26

Slow

Question 27

What system is the primary method of energy production during endurance events

Answer 27

Oxidative system

Question 28

Which system includes the kreb cycle and ETC

Answer 28

Oxidative system

Question 29

In the presence of O2, pyruvic acid from glycolysis is converted to ________

Answer 29

AcetylCoa

Question 30

AcetylCoa enters ________ and forms ___ ATP, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen

Answer 30

Kreb cycle | 2

Question 31

The ETC (electron transport chain) produces _____ ions which are recombined with oxygen to produce _____

Answer 31

Hydrogen | Water

Question 32

Electrons produced provide the energy for the conversion of _____ to _____

Answer 32

ADP | ATP

Question 33

One molecule of glycogen can generate up to ______ molecules of ATP

Answer 33

37-39

Question 34

What is the breakdown of triglycerides into glycerol and free fatty acids

Answer 34

Lipolysis

Question 35

Hormones are secreted directly into the blood and act as chemical signals to what kind of cells

Answer 35

Target cells

Question 36

What are the two types of hormones

Answer 36

Steroid and nonsteroid

Question 37

Steroid hormones are formed from what

Answer 37

Cholesterol

Question 38

Why kind of hormone diffuses easily across the cell membrane

Answer 38

Steroid hormone

Question 39

Cortisol , estrogen and testosterone are examples of what kind of hormone

Answer 39

Steroid hormone

Question 40

What kind of hormone is protein/ amino derived and is not soluble?

Answer 40

Nonsteroid hormone

Question 41

Thyroxine and epinephrine are examples of what kind of hormone

Answer 41

Nonsteroid hormone

Question 42

What is the breakdown of glucose

Answer 42

Glycolysis

Question 43

What is the process by which glycogen is synthesized from glucose to be stored in the liver or muscle

Answer 43

Glycogenesis

Question 44

What is the process by which glycogen is broken down into glucose 1 phosphate to be used for energy production

Answer 44

Glycogenolysis

Question 45

What is the making of glucose from a non CHO source

Answer 45

Gluconeogenesis

Question 46

Lipolysis is hormonal lay controlled during exercise by: Decreased:? Increased:?

Answer 46

Decreased: insulin Increased: epinephrine Cortisol Growth hormone

Question 47

Fluid balance during exercise is critical for what three things

Answer 47

Optimal metabolic function Cardiovascular function Thermoregulatory function

Question 48

What system plays a major role in monitoring fluid levels and correcting imbalances

Answer 48

Endocrine system

Question 49

ADH releases from where?

Answer 49

Posterior pituitary

Question 50

ADH promotes _____ retention in the kidney in an effort to dilute plasma electrolyte concentration bak to normal

Answer 50

Water

Question 51

Aldosterone in produced in the ______ glands

Answer 51

Adrenal

Question 52

Aldosterone secretion is stimulated by what?

Answer 52

Plasma sodium Blood volume Blood pressure Plasma potassium concentration

Question 53

Aldosterone promotes renal reabsorption of ______, causing the body to retain sodium

Answer 53

Sodium

Question 54

The kidneys strongly influence the maintenance of plasma volume and blood pressure regulation through the release of what

Answer 54

Renin