Ch. 8

Question 0

HR eventually reaches a max, even as a workload ____

Answer 0

Increases

Question 1

HR ____ proportionally to exercise intensity

Answer 1

Increases

Question 2

HR ___~1 beat per year

Answer 2

Decreases

Question 3

HR max =

Answer 3

208-(0.7x age in years)

Question 4

For each ____ in workload, HR will ____ to a new steady state value in ______ minutes

Answer 4

Increase
Increase
2-3

Question 5

Exercise training ______ steady state heart rate for a given sub maximal workload

Answer 5

Decreases

Question 6

Steady state heart rate is a good predictor of _______ level

Answer 6

Fitness

Question 7

Stroke volume is the Volume of blood expelled by the _____ ventricle during each _______ (beat)

Answer 7

Left

Contraction

Question 8

Four factors that determine SV:

1. The volume of _____ blood ____ to the heart (preload)
2. Ventricular distensibility
3. Ventricular ________
4. Aortic or pulmonary artery pressure (_____)

Answer 8

Venous Returned
Contractibility
Afterload

Question 9

SV is the major determinant of cardiorespiratory ________________

Answer 9

Endurance capacity (VO2 max)

Question 10

SV _____ with ____ work rate, plateaus at _______% of VO2 max

Answer 10

Increases
Increasing
40-60

Question 11

SV is influenced by body ______ due to _____ differences in venous return to the heart (SV ______ in supine or prone position (lying horizontal) due to _____ elimination

Answer 11

Position
Postural
Increases
Gravity

Question 12

Frank Starling mechanism: an _____ volume of blood enters the ventricle (EDV), causing it to _______, and consequently it contracts with more _____

Answer 12

Increase
Stretch
Force

Question 13

Increased SV during exercise

_______ stimulation

Answer 13

Sympathetic

Question 14

Increased SV during exercise

Decreased peripheral _______ due to ___ ________ to active muscles

Answer 14

Resistance

Increased vasodilation

Question 15

Cardiac output resting value is _____ L/m

Answer 15

5

Question 16

In cardiac output ______ with increasing exercise intensity up to ~ ______ L/m

Answer 16

Increases

20 to 40

Question 17

On cardiac output plasma volume and RBC volume _____ with ________ training

Answer 17

Increases

Endurance

Question 18

In BP response during exercise systolic blood pressure ________

Answer 18

Increases

Question 19

Diastolic blood pressure ______ ____ ____ significantly during exercise or may slightly ______

Answer 19

Does not change

Decrease

Question 20

BP responses can be as high as ______ mmHg during static exercise

Answer 20

480/350

Question 21

With _____ aerobic exercise and/or exercise in ____ environments, at a constant exercise intensity, there is a gradual _______ in stroke volume and an increase in ______

Answer 21

Prolonged
Hot
Decrease
Heart rate

Question 22

_______% reduction in blood volume from sweating

Answer 22

10-15

Question 23

Plasma moves from the blood to the _________ space

Answer 23

Interstitial

Question 24

PV is lost through sweat, especially in ____ environment

Answer 24

Hot

Question 25

______% reduction in PV with prolonged exercise

Answer 25

10-15

Question 26

PV loss is proportional to ______ with resistance exercise

Answer 26

Intensity

Question 27

Excessive PV loss can result in impaired _______

Answer 27

Performance

Question 28

PV loss results in hemoconcentration ( a reduction in the ______ component of the blood)

Answer 28

Fluid

Question 29

______: shortness of breath

Answer 29

Dyspnea

Question 30

``` Dyspnea is often associated with: _____ conditioning Inability to readjust the blood _____ and _____ ______ of respiratory muscles Inability to reestablish normal ________ ```

Answer 30

Poor PCO2 H+ Fatigue Homeostasis

Question 31

_________: an increase in ventilation that exceeds the metabolic need for oxygen

Answer 31

Hyperventilation

Question 32

______ maneuver: a breathing technique where air is trapped in the _____ against a closed ____\, increases intra-____ pressure

Answer 32

Valsalva Lungs Glottis Abdominal

Question 33

Valsalva maneuver Reduced venous ______ ______ pressure in the chest cavity Dizziness and _______

Answer 33

Return Increased Fainting

Question 34

The ratio between ________ and ____ ( the amount of O3 consumed by the tissues)

Answer 34

Ve (volume of air expired) | VO2

Question 35

Ventilatory equivalent for O2 indicates breathing ______

Answer 35

Economy

Question 36

Generally ________ remains relatively _____ over a wide range of exercise levels

Answer 36

Ve/VO2 | Constant

Question 37

In exercise induced arterial hypoxemia during exercise near their ______, the ____ athlete may experience limited ______ due to lack of ____ perfusion in the _____

Answer 37

``` VO2 max Elite Performance O2 Lungs ```

Question 38

Pulmonary ventilation is _______ _____ a limiting factor for performance in the ______ athlete

Answer 38

Usually not | Average

Question 39

Examples of buffers: _______ inorganic phosphates, _______, hemoglobin

Answer 39

Bicarbonate | Proteins

Question 40

Acidosis: _____ pH

Answer 40

Low

Question 41

Alkalosis: _____ pH

Answer 41

High

Question 42

Tolerable limits of arterial blood pH: _________

Answer 42

6.9-7.5

Question 43

Regulating pH 1. _____ _____ in the blood 2. _____ ______: short term, increased ____ concentrations stimulate respiratory centers to remove _____ 3. Renal (kidneys): ____ term

Answer 43

``` Chemical buffers Pulmonary ventilation H+ CO2 Long ```

Question 44

Recovery of blood lactate to resting levels is facilitated by continued ________ exercise such as _____ (______ recovery)

Answer 44

Low intensity Walking Active