Chapter 5

Question 0

What calculates energy expenditure from the ratio of CO2 produced to O2 consumed

Answer 0

Indirect calorimetry

Question 1

What measures the body’s heat production to estimate energy expenditure

Answer 1

Direct calorimetry

Question 2

What is the rate of O2 and CO2 exchanged in the lungs=rate of use and release by the body tissues

Answer 2

Oxygen consumption (VO2)

Question 3

What method is used to measure oxygen consumption (VO2)

Answer 3

Indirect calorimetry

Question 4

What is the single best measurement of cardiorespiratory endurance and aerobic fitness

Answer 4

VO2 max

Question 5

The higher the ________, the higher the fitness level

Answer 5

VO2 max

Question 6

What is VO2

Answer 6

The volume of oxygen consumed per minute

Question 7

What is VCO2

Answer 7

The volume of carbon dioxide produced per minute

Question 8

What are the three gases that make up inspired air

Answer 8

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Nitrogen

Question 9

Oxygen:
Carbon dioxide:
Nitrogen:

Answer 9

20. 93
21. 04
22. 03

Question 10

What is a mathematical formula formula that allows us to calculate VI from VE because nitrogen concentration remain constant

Answer 10

The Haldane transformation

Question 11

In what is the ratio between CO2 released (VCO2) and oxygen consumed (VO2)

Answer 11

respiratory exchange rate (RER)

Question 12

RER= ____/_____

Answer 12

VCO2/ VO2

Question 13

RER provides us data that reveals what primary ________ our body is using for energy production

Answer 13

Substrate

Question 14

The RER value at rest is usually what

Answer 14

.80

Question 15

RER oxidation of fat is what

Answer 15

.70

Question 16

RER oxidation of carbohydrate is what

Answer 16

1.0

Question 17

RMR is the minimum amount of energy required by the body to sustain basic _______ function

Answer 17

Cellular

Question 18

Depending on the individual, RMR ranges from __________kcal/day

Answer 18

1100 to 2500

Question 19

When activity is added, RMR’s daily caloric expenditure is __________ kcal/day or higher

Answer 19

1700-3100

Question 20

What factors affect RMR

Answer 20

Age
Body temperature 
Psychological stress
Hormone 
Injury

Question 21

RMR gradually decreases with what

Answer 21

Age

Question 22

RMR increases with increasing what

Answer 22

Temperature

Question 23

What hormones increase RMR

Answer 23

Thyroxine and epinephrine

Question 24

When the body is healing from an injury RMR _______

Answer 24

Increases

Question 25

During exercise at a constant power output (work rate) VO2 increases from it's resting value to a steady state value within __ to ___ minutes

Answer 25

2 to 3

Question 26

Metabolic rate during sub maximal exercise, increases in metabolism and VO2 are ______ with increases in work rate (exercise intensity)

Answer 26

Proportional

Question 27

VO2 max is the maximal capacity for _____ consumption by the body during _____ exertion

Answer 27

Oxygen | Maximal

Question 28

VO2 max is expressed relative to what

Answer 28

Body weight

Question 29

What are the highest VO2 max values for male and female

Answer 29

Male: 94 Female: 77

Question 30

VO2 max declines after what ages

Answer 30

25-30 1% per year

Question 31

What is the difference between the O2 required for a given exercise intensity and the actual O2 consumption

Answer 31

Oxygen deficit

Question 32

In anaerobic capacity there is ___ ______ acceptance method to determine ones ______ anaerobic capacity

Answer 32

No clear | True

Question 33

Anaerobic capacity can only be _______

Answer 33

Estimated

Question 34

What's is the anaerobic effort estimated by the elevated O2 consumption after an exercise bout had ended

Answer 34

Excess post exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)

Question 35

A factor responsible for EPOC is rebuilding depleted ______ supplies

Answer 35

ATP/PCr

Question 36

What is the point at which blood lactate begins to accumulate (exceeding lactate clearance) during intense exercise

Answer 36

Lactate threshold

Question 37

The lactate threshold denotes a shift in energy systems from ______ to _______

Answer 37

O2 | Anaerobic

Question 38

Lactate threshold is expressed as a ____ of VO2 max

Answer 38

%

Question 39

In lactate threshold H+ accumulation contributes to ______ (the ______)

Answer 39

Fatigue | Wall

Question 40

What is one of the best determinants of an athletes pace in endurance events

Answer 40

Lactate threshold

Question 41

Untrained people have LT around __% to ___% of their VO2 max

Answer 41

50 | 60

Question 42

Elite athletes may not reach LT until around ___% to ____% VO2 max

Answer 42

70 | 80

Question 43

What are the characteristics of successful endurance athletes

Answer 43

1. High VO2 max 2. Lactate threshold 3. Economy of effort 4. High % of type 1 fibers

Question 44

Causes of fatigue: | 1. _______ depletion. (Diet)

Answer 44

Energy

Question 45

Causes of fatigue: | 2. Accumulation of ____ which decreases_____

Answer 45

H+ | pH

Question 46

Causes of fatigue: | 3. Failure of the muscle fibers _______ mechanism

Answer 46

Contractile

Question 47

Causes of fatigue: | 4. Muscle fiber _____

Answer 47

Type

Question 48

Causes of fatigue: | 5: alterations in the _______ system

Answer 48

Nervous

Question 49

Causes of fatigue: | 6. ______ level

Answer 49

Fitness

Question 50

Cells buffer H+ as lactate with bicarbonate to keep cell pH between _____ (at exhaustion) and _______

Answer 50

6. 4 | 7. 1

Question 51

Intercellular pH lower than 6.9, however, slows ______ and _____ production

Answer 51

Glycolysis | ATP

Question 52

When pH reaches 6.6 to 6.4, H+ levels ____ glycolysis and the result is ______

Answer 52

Inhibit | Exhaustion

Question 53

The primary cause of fatigue during maximal, all out exercise lasting more than 30 seconds is ___ _____ ______

Answer 53

Low muscle pH