Ch 12

Question 1

What are the two different categories of the fungi and give examples of each?

Answer 1

• Unicellular (Ex: Yeast)

* Filamentous (Ex: Mold, Rust, Mushrooms)

Question 2

The filaments of filamentous fungi are called?

Answer 2

Hyphae

Question 3

What type of lifecycle to the filamentous fungi have?

Answer 3

Sexual and asexual life cycles

Question 4

What are the two types of characteristics found among fungal hyphae?

Answer 4

• Septate (Have crossed walls, or septa, dividing the hyphae into cell like units)
• Coenocytic (Lack septa)

Question 5

Name the two different types of hyphae?

Answer 5

• Ariel Hyphae (Produce spore, reproduction)

* Vegetative Hyphae (Obtain Nutrients, most grow below the surface)

Question 6

What is the role or function of hyphae?

Answer 6

Reproduction and nutrition

Question 7

Where do hyphae sprout from?

Answer 7

Spores

Question 8

Filamentous fungi are considered to be and what do they do?

Answer 8

Saprophytic, they obtain their nutrients from mostly dead organic matter that they dissolve with enzymes, they don’t ingest.

Question 9

Filamentous fungi are saprophytic, their digestive enzyme’s are secreted from what?

Answer 9

Vegetative hyphae

Question 10

Example of a Conidiophore:

Answer 10

Penicillin

Question 11

How do yeast reproduce?

Answer 11

• Budding and fission (They undergo mitosis followed by budding)
• Not binary fission because fission involves mitosis. Binary fission and bacteria doesn’t involve mitosis.
• You have to have a nucleus to undergo mitosis.

Question 12

A fungal disease, infection, is called?

Answer 12

Mycosis

Question 13

Arthropods

Answer 13

• Not my groups but can act as a factor is that carry a variety of my groups.
• Transmit a lot of infections disease.
• Eukaryotes

Question 14

Helminths

Answer 14

Flukes
Segmented flat worms
Nematodes (Round worms) -> whip-, pin-, hook-, wiggly-

Question 15

We have ______ in our cell membrane .

Answer 15

Cholesterol

Question 16

What are the metabolism of fungi?

Answer 16

• Most are obligate aerobes.

* Some facultative anaerobes like yeast

Question 17

Superficial cutaneous fungi, those growing on top of the skin, diseases are called?

Answer 17

Tineas

Question 18

What are the two most common types of fungal infection (yeast infection)?

Answer 18

• Tinea

* Candida

Question 19

Algae can be ______ but lack the complexity of plants.

Answer 19

Photosynthetic

Question 20

Brown algae are commonly called?

Answer 20

Kelp

Question 21

A type of aspergillus?

Answer 21

Conidiophore

Question 22

What are the two most common type of genera of unicellular fungi?

Answer 22

• Candida

* Saccharomyces (Used in the fermentation industry)

Question 23

How can a unicellular organism actually penetrate into a mucosa through to the submucosa?

Answer 23

• By a sigsetion of partial buddings to form these long appendiges called “psudohyphae”
• Never budding to completion so you don’t produce a offspring that breaks away

Question 24

You have to have a ________ to undergo mitosis.

Answer 24

Nucleus

Question 25

A mother yeast can bud A max of how many times? It can produce how many yeast?

Answer 25

* 24x | * 25 yeast

Question 26

How can a Uni cellular organism actually penetrate into a mucosa through to the submucosa?

Answer 26

* By a sigsetion of partial budding to form these long appendages called pseudohyphae. * Never budding to completion so you don't produce a offspring that breaks away * Able to attack and become more invasive so they become no longer superficial, they can penetrate the tissue to a certain shallow depth.

Question 27

Yeast are capable of what type of growth?

Answer 27

Facultative anaerobic growth

Question 28

Vegetative hyphae are involved in ______ and ______

Answer 28

Catabolism | Growth

Question 29

Dimorphism

Answer 29

* Where a fungus can be either Filamentous or unicellular

Question 30

Dimorphism, mold like produce what?

Answer 30

Vegetative and aerial hyphae

Question 31

Dimorphism, yeast like forms reproduce by?

Answer 31

Budding

Question 32

What causes dimorphic fungus to change appearance? Ex.?

Answer 32

* CO2 concentration | * Ex: Mucor indicus

Question 33

Yeast are not fermenting machines, you give them enough oxygen and they survive by what means?

Answer 33

Aerobic respiration, it's when you Cut the oxygen supply that they switch to a fermentative pathway

Question 34

As CO2 concentration in dimorphism goes up?

Answer 34

They go to a filamentous morphology

Question 35

Flabis

Answer 35

Produce aphlatoxin on peanuts

Question 36

Aspergillus niger

Answer 36

Form nasty fungal balls if it grows inside the lungs

Question 37

Cleviseps perpena

Answer 37

Grow on grains | Produce a toxin that gives you a hallucination high like LSD

Question 38

Ringworm is a _____ infection

Answer 38

Fungal

Question 39

Systemic fungal infection can be life threatening and get into your?

Answer 39

Central Nervous System

Question 40

Most common cutaneous infection are superficial:

Answer 40

Ringworm Tinea Capitis Tinea pedis (Athletes Foot) Tinea cruris

Question 41

What type of infection does Candida cause?

Answer 41

``` Candidiasis Ex: Mucocutaneous candidiasis Vulvovaginal candidiasis (Thrush) Oropharyngeal Rectoanal ```

Question 42

Cryphonectria parasitica

Answer 42

Killed almost every chestnut tree

Question 43

Ceratocystis ulmi

Answer 43

* Carried by bark beetles that wiped the elm population. | * Dutch elm disease.

Question 44

Algae

Answer 44

``` I. Multicellular II. Unicellular III. Diatoms IV. Dinoflagellates V. Water Molds ```