Ch. 12 Scalp and Cranial Cavity

Question 1

Consists of five layers of soft tissue that cover the calvaria

Answer 1

Scalp

Question 2

Layers of the scalp

Answer 2

Skin
Close subcutaneous tissue
Aponeurosis
Loose subaponeurotic tissue
Pericranium 

SCALP

Question 3

Scalp Proper

Answer 3

First 3 layers of the scalp – clinically regarded as one layer because they remain together when cut during surgery or torn off during an accident.

Question 4

Skin (SCALP)

Answer 4

First layer of the scalp, contains hair and sebaceous glands

Question 5

Close subcutaneous tissue (SCALP)

Answer 5

Layer 2 - Connective tissue that is richly vascularized and well supplied with nerves

Question 6

Aponeurosis (SCALP)

Answer 6

Layer 3 - Flattened tendon - named galea aponeurotic. Found between frontal muscle and occipitals muscle posteriorly

Question 7

Another name for aponeurosis

Answer 7

epicranium

Question 8

Loose subaponeurotic tissue

Answer 8

Layer 4 - subaponeurotic tissue allows free movement of the scalp proper
Contains potential spaces, capable of filling with fluid and allowing pus or blood to spread easily.

Question 9

Emissary veins

Answer 9

Connects fourth layer with the dural sinuses, can potentially lead to spread of infection from this layer to the cranial cavity.

Question 10

Danger layer

Answer 10

Fourth layer of the skin - emissary veins connect with dural sinuses, potentially leading to spread of infection from this layer to cranial cavity.

Question 11

Pericranium

Answer 11

Layer 5 - pericranium is firmly anchored to the skull, AKA periosteum of external surface of the skull.

Question 12

Cranial bone

Answer 12

made up of 3 layers that can be seen when looking at the skull

Question 13

Outer table

Answer 13

External layer of the cranial bone, made of compact bone

Question 14

External surface of the outer table

Answer 14

periosteum, pericranium.

Question 15

Dipolë

Answer 15

Middle Layer of the cranial bone, spongy

Question 16

Inner table

Answer 16

Internal layer of the cranial bone, compact bone

Question 17

Thicker bones of the cranium

Answer 17

Occipital, frontal

Question 18

Thin bone of the cranium

Answer 18

temporal region

Question 19

Lines the inner table, outer layer of the dura

Answer 19

Endocranium, endosteum

Question 20

Blood supply of the scalp specifically comes from ____

Answer 20

branches of the external and internal carotid arteries.

Question 21

Where do blood vessels of the scalp anastomose freely?

Answer 21

second layer of the scalp, close to subcutaneous tissue

Question 22

Supplies the frontal region

Answer 22

branches of the internal carotid

Question 23

Supplies the temporal and occipital regions

Answer 23

branches of the external carotid artery

Question 24

An arrangement where veins accompany arteries (two veins lie on either side of the same artery) and have the same names as the artery

Answer 24

Venae comitantes

Question 25

Innervation of the scalp anterior to the external ears

Answer 25

Through branches of the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve CNV Opthalmic Maxillary Mandibular

Question 26

Three divisions of the trigeminal nerve

Answer 26

ophthalmic maxillary mandibular

Question 27

Posterior to the ear, nerve that supplies the scalp

Answer 27

cervical spinal nerves.

Question 28

Meninges surrounding the brain

Answer 28

dura arachnoid pia

Question 29

How many layers does the dura mater contain?

Answer 29

2

Question 30

Layers of the dura mater

Answer 30

Endocranium | Meningeal dura

Question 31

Outer layer of the dura that fuses to the skull

Answer 31

Endosteal dura

Question 32

Inner layer of the dura

Answer 32

meningeal dura

Question 33

Layers of the dura adhere to each other except at certain locations where they separate called the _____

Answer 33

dural sinuses

Question 34

spaces that contain blood and absorbed CSF

Answer 34

dural sinuses

Question 35

Inner layer of the dura folds in ___ locations called the ___

Answer 35

Four; dural folds

Question 36

Dural fold that separates the superior portion of the right and left sides of the cerebrum.

Answer 36

Falx Cerebri

Question 37

The falx cerebri attaches anteriorly to the ___ and posteriorly to the ____ at the level of the ___.

Answer 37

crista galli; tentorium cerebri; internal occipital protuberance

Question 38

Shape of the fall cerebri

Answer 38

sickle shaped

Question 39

Tentorium Cerebelli

Answer 39

Dural fold that forms. tent over the cerebellum

Question 40

Sickle shaped dural fold inferior to the surface of the tentorium cerebella.

Answer 40

Falx cerebelli

Question 41

Dural fold that separates into right and left cerebellar hemispheres

Answer 41

falx cerebelli

Question 42

Small, circular, horizontal sheet of dura that forms a roof over the hypophyseal fossa in the sella turcica. Pierced by the hypophyseal stalk

Answer 42

diaphragma sellae

Question 43

Dura is supplied by the _____

Answer 43

meningeal arteries, including the middle meningeal artery.

Question 44

Branches off the maxillary artery coming off the external carotid and courses external to the dura mater

Answer 44

middle meningeal artery

Question 45

Inner surface of the ___ contains indentations from meningeal arteries

Answer 45

calvaria

Question 46

When two layers of the dura mater separate

Answer 46

sinus

Question 47

vein lined with endothelium that is NOT collapsable

Answer 47

sinus

Question 48

Drains all blood and absorbed CSF from the brain; flow toward the internal jugular vein.

Answer 48

sinus

Question 49

Sinus lying in the median plane on the superior portion of the falx cerebri.

Answer 49

superior sagittal sinus

Question 50

Sinus connecting with the diploid veins, cerebral veins and the lateral expansions of the superior sagittal sinus called the lateral luchae

Answer 50

superior sagittal sinus

Question 51

lateral expansions of the superior sagittal sinus

Answer 51

lateral luchae

Question 52

Sinus that drains posteriorly into the confluence of sinuses

Answer 52

superior sagittal sinus

Question 53

Lies in the median plane on the inferior portion of the falx cerebri

Answer 53

inferior sagittal sinus

Question 54

drains posteriorly into the straight sinus

Answer 54

inferior sagittal sinus

Question 55

sinus found between the junction of the falx cerebri and the tentorium cerebelli

Answer 55

straight sinus

Question 56

Straight sinus is found between the ___ and the ___

Answer 56

falx cerebri; tentorium cerebelli

Question 57

Sinus that receives blood from the inferior sagittal sinus and cerebral veins

Answer 57

straight sinus

Question 58

sinus that drains posteriorly into the confluence of sinuses

Answer 58

straight sinus

Question 59

Sinus beginning at the confluence and coursing laterally.

Answer 59

Transverse sinus

Question 60

Sinus found within the external border of the tentorium cerebelli

Answer 60

transverse sinus

Question 61

sinus passing anteriorly toward the petrous portion of the temporal bone to the sigmoid sinus

Answer 61

transverse sinus

Question 62

Sinus extending from the transverse sinus and coursing in an S shape along the petrous portion to the jugular foramen where it continues in the neck as the internal jugular vein

Answer 62

sigmoid sinus

Question 63

sinuses found lateral to the sella turcica on each side.

Answer 63

two cavernous sinuses

Question 64

Path of absorbed blood and absorbed CSF through the dural sinuses

Answer 64

Superior sagittal sinus --> confluence --> inferior saggiatl sinus --> straight sinus --> confluence --> transverse sinus --> sigmoid sinus --> IJV Cavernous s --> sigmoid s

Question 65

Polygonal anastomosis between the right and left internal carotid arteries and right and left vertebral arteries.

Answer 65

circle of Willis

Question 66

After entering cranial cavity, this artery will divide into two cerebral arteries, anterior and middle

Answer 66

internal carotid artery

Question 67

Branching from the internal carotid artery, this artery will course within longitudinal fissure of the cerebrum

Answer 67

anterior cerebral artery

Question 68

Branching from the internal carotid artery, this artery will course in the lateral fissure of the cerebrum.

Answer 68

middle cerebral artery

Question 69

Artery that branches off the subclavian artery and travels upward through the foramina in the transverse processes of CV 6-1

Answer 69

vertebral artery

Question 70

Vertebral artery passes through _____ and joins the vertebral artery from the opposite side to form the _____

Answer 70

foramen magnum; basilar artery

Question 71

Vessel that courses along the groove on the pons and divides into the two posterior cerebral arteries

Answer 71

basilar artery

Question 72

Circle of Willis is formed by the :

Answer 72

``` basilar artery, posterior cerebral arteries, posterior communicating arteries, internal carotid arteries, anterior cerebral arteries, anterior communicating arteries ```