Ch 25. Mediastinum

Question 1

Space between the right pleura and the left pleura of the thorax

Answer 1

mediastinum

Question 2

Mediastinum is the also known as the

Answer 2

interpleural space

Question 3

The inter pleural space contains all the organs of the thorax with the exception of the

Answer 3

lungs

Question 4

Thin, serous membrane located within the thoracic cavity on both the right and left side

Answer 4

pleura

Question 5

Histologically, a serous membrane is a double-layered membrane composed of an ___ and an ____

Answer 5

inner mesothelium

outer connective tissue layer

Question 6

Pleura that covers the surface of the lungs at all points except the hilus

Answer 6

visceral pleura

Question 7

the location where all structures that enter or leave the lung pass

Answer 7

hilus of the lung

Question 8

visceral pleura dips into the fissures that separate the _____

Answer 8

lobes of the lungs

Question 9

Visceral pleura is ____ to pain, containing few nerve fibers

Answer 9

insensitive

Question 10

Visceral pleura does have sufficient blood supply via the _______, which are direct branches of the ______

Answer 10

bronchial arteries descending thoracic aorta

Question 11

Pleura lining the internal surface of the thoracic wall, diaphragm and mediastinum

Answer 11

parietal pleura

Question 12

The ____ has a rich nerve supply and is sensitive to pain

Answer 12

parietal pleura

Question 13

Parietal pleura has a rich supply derived from the:

Answer 13

posterior intercostal arteries

internal thoracic arteries

Question 14

The parietal pleura is subdivided into four parts

Answer 14

costal parietal pleura
cupola (cervical) parietal pleura
diaphragmatic parietal pleura
mediastinal parietal pleura

Question 15

portion of the parietal pleura that lines the sternum, ribs, and intercostal muscles

Answer 15

costal parietal pleura

Question 16

portion of the parietal pleura covering the upper surface of the diaphragm

Answer 16

diaphragmatic parietal pleura

Question 17

Portion of the parietal pleura that forms the lateral boundaries of the mediastinum.

Answer 17

mediastinal parietal pleura

Question 18

Mediastinal parietal pleura lines the ___ and ___ surfaces of the pericardium

Answer 18

outer and lateral

Question 19

Areas where tow parts of the parietal pleura join

Answer 19

recess

Question 20

two recesses of the parietal pleura

Answer 20

costomediastinal recess

costodiaphragmatic recess

Question 21

reflection of parietal pleura at the junction of the costal pleura and the mediastinal pleura

Answer 21

costomediastinal recess

Question 22

The ____ border of the lung fills the costomediastinal recess during strenuous breathing

Answer 22

anterior

Question 23

Reflection of the parietal pleura at the junction of the costal pleura and it’s diaphragmatic pleura

Answer 23

costodiaphragmatic recess

Question 24

The ___ border of the lung fills the costodiaphragmatic recess during strenuous breathing

Answer 24

inferior

Question 25

Space between the parietal pleura and the visceral pleura

Answer 25

pleural cavity

Question 26

The pleural cavity is of ___ thickness and is filled with a thin film of ___

Answer 26

capillary; fluid

Question 27

The pleural cavity is maintained in a state of continuous ____

Answer 27

negative pressurw

Question 28

The negative pressure of the pleural cavity keeps the _____ and the lung adjacent to the ______

Answer 28

visceral pleura; parietal pleura

Question 29

Any movement in the thoracic wall and the diaphragm is reflected in a corresponding movement of the ___

Answer 29

lung

Question 30

If for any reason the negative pressure of the pleural cavity is lost, the lung would collapse because of its inherent ___

Answer 30

elasticity (internal elastic fibers would shorten)

Question 31

Collapse of a lung

Answer 31

atelectasis

Question 32

Air in the pleural cavity

Answer 32

pneumothorax

Question 33

Space between the right mediastinal pleura and the left mediastinal pleura

Answer 33

mediastinum

Question 34

The mediastinum extends from the ___ anteriorly to the ___ posteriorly

Answer 34

sternum; vertebral column

Question 35

The mediastinum extends form the level of the _____ superiorly to the ___ inferiorly

Answer 35

thoracic inlet; diaphragm

Question 36

The mediastinum is subdivided into four mediastina

Answer 36

Anterior Superior Middle Posterior

Question 37

Anterior mediastinum

Answer 37

Loose connective tissue | Thymus

Question 38

Superior mediastinum

Answer 38

``` Thymus Great vessels (aorta, superior vena cava, pulmonary trunk) Brachiocephalic veins Trachea Esophagus (25cm) Thoracic duct Vagus nerve and recurrent laryngeal nerve Phrenic nerve Azygos vein ```

Question 39

Drains blood from the posterior thoracic wall; drains into superior vena cava

Answer 39

azygos vein

Question 40

25 cm long conduit for food from the pharynx to the stomach

Answer 40

esophagus

Question 41

Middle mediastinum

Answer 41

Heart Great vessels Pericardium Phrenic nerve

Question 42

Posterior mediastinum

Answer 42

``` Thoracic duct Esophagus Thoracic duct Vagus nerve Azygos vein Sympathetic trunk ```

Question 43

Which mediastina is the loose connective tissue in?

Answer 43

Anterior

Question 44

Which mediastina is the thymus in?

Answer 44

Anterior and superior

Question 45

Which mediastina is the great vessels in?

Answer 45

Superior and middle

Question 46

Which mediastina is the brachiocephalic veins in?

Answer 46

superior

Question 47

Which mediastina is the trachea in?

Answer 47

superior

Question 48

Which mediastina is the esophagus in?

Answer 48

superior and posterior

Question 49

what mediastina is the vagus nerve in?

Answer 49

superior and posterior

Question 50

Which mediastina is the recurrent laryngeal nerve in?

Answer 50

superior

Question 51

Which mediastina is the thoracic duct in?

Answer 51

superior and posterior

Question 52

Which mediastina is the phrenic nerve in?

Answer 52

superior and middle

Question 53

What mediastina is the azygos vein in?

Answer 53

superior and posterior

Question 54

Which mediastina is the heart in?

Answer 54

middle

Question 55

What mediastina is the pericardium in?

Answer 55

middle

Question 56

What mediastina is the thoracic sort in ?

Answer 56

posterior

Question 57

What mediastina is the sympathetic trunk in?

Answer 57

posterior

Question 58

The only structure not in a mediastina?

Answer 58

lungs

Question 59

Origin of the diaphragm

Answer 59

Periphery posterior to the xiphoid process Lower 6 ribs Posterior abdominal wall

Question 60

Insertion of diaphragm

Answer 60

central tendom

Question 61

Action of diaphragm

Answer 61

inspiration

Question 62

Innervation of diaphragm

Answer 62

phrenic nerve

Question 63

Opening of diaphragm are at what vertebral levels?

Answer 63

TV8 TV10 TV12

Question 64

The diaphragm opening at TV8

Answer 64

canal opening for the inferior vena cava

Question 65

The diaphragm opening at TV10

Answer 65

Esophageal hiatus for the esophagus and CNX

Question 66

The diaphragm opening at TV12

Answer 66

Aortic hiatus for the aorta