Ch. 19 Larynx

Question 1

Cartilaginous organ located at the superior end of the trachea

Answer 1

Larynx

Question 2

Functions of the larynx

Answer 2

1. As a valve to guard the air passages, especially during swallowing food
2. In maintaining an open air passage
3. In vocalization

Question 3

Four major types of cartilages comprising the larynx

Answer 3

1. Thyroid cartilage
2. Cricoid cartilage
3. Arytenoid cartilage
4. Epiglottic cartilage

Question 4

Largest cartilage of the larynx

Answer 4

Thyroid cartilage

Question 5

two flat plates in the thyroid cartilage fusing anteriorly and diverging posteriorly

Answer 5

laminae of the thyroid cartilage

Question 6

Formed by where the laminae of the thyroid cartilage fuses anteriorly

Answer 6

Laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple)

Question 7

Superior border of thyroid cartilage forms a palpable ___

Answer 7

superior thyroid notch

Question 8

part of the thyroid cartilage that attaches via ligaments to the hyoid bone

Answer 8

Superior horn

Question 9

Part of the thyroid cartilage that articulates with the cricoid cartilage

Answer 9

inferior horn

Question 10

Crosses the lateral surface of the thyroid cartilage of which the strap muscles of the neck attach

Answer 10

oblique line

Question 11

Complete ring of cartilage that forms a shape similar to a ring

Answer 11

Cricoid cartilage

Question 12

Posterior part of the cricoid cartilage in the form of a flat plate

Answer 12

lamina

Question 13

Anterior narrow part of the cricoid cartilage which lies at the level of C6

Answer 13

arch

Question 14

Upper part of the cricoid cartilage articulates with the ______

Answer 14

arytenoid cartilages

Question 15

Lower border of the cricoid cartilage is connected to the first ring of the trachea via the

Answer 15

Cricotracheal ligament

Question 16

Pair of cartilages located at the upper border of the lamina of the cricoid cartilages.

Answer 16

Arytenoid cartilages

Question 17

Arytenoid cartilages are in the shape of a ____ and have ____ above and ___ below

Answer 17

pyramids; apex; base

Question 18

Processes of the Base of the arytenoid cartilage

Answer 18

Vocal process

Muscular process

Question 19

Process of the arytenoid cartilage that extends forward from the base and serves as an attachment for the vocal ligament

Answer 19

Vocal process

Question 20

Process of the arytenoid cartilage that extends laterally and serves as an attachment for the muscles of the larynx

Answer 20

Muscular process

Question 21

Leaf shaped cartilage that extends superiorly and posteriorly from the thyroid cartilage

Answer 21

Epiglottic cartilage

Question 22

Cartilage in which the upper end is quite broad and the lower end narrows

Answer 22

Epiglottic cartilage

Question 23

Narrow end of the epiglottic cartilage that attaches to the thyroid cartilage

Answer 23

stalk (petiolus)

Question 24

Functions in closing the opening into the laryngeal cavity during swallowing

Answer 24

Epiglottic cartilage

Question 25

Smaller cartilage set upon the apices of the arytenoid cartilages

Answer 25

Corniculate cartilages

Question 26

Smaller cartilage located within the fold of the mucous membrane between the arytenoid and the epiglottic cartilages.

Answer 26

Cuneiform cartilage

Question 27

Folds of mucous membrane between the arytenoid and the epiglottic cartilages

Answer 27

aryepiglottic folds

Question 28

Functions of the extrinsic muscles of the larynx

Answer 28

Elevators | Depressors

Question 29

Extrinsic elevator muscles of the larynx

Answer 29

Thyrohyoid, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, digastric the style might die

Question 30

Extrinsic depressor muscles of the larynx

Answer 30

Omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid Oh! SternoHYOID, sternoTHYROID

Question 31

Intrinsic muscles of the larynx

Answer 31

``` Cricothyroid Posterior cricoarytenoid Lateral cricoarytenoid Arytenoideus Thyroarytenoid Vocalis ``` CP LAT V

Question 32

Intrinsic muscle of the larynx that extends from the arch of the cricoid to the lamina of the thyroid and inferior horn of thyroid cartilage.

Answer 32

Cricothyroid

Question 33

Intrinsic muscle of the larynx extending from the posterior surface of the lamina of the cricoid to the muscular process of the arytenoid.

Answer 33

posterior cricoarytenoid

Question 34

Intrinsic muscle of the larynx coursing from the arch of the cricoid to the muscular process of the arytenoid

Answer 34

Lateral cricoarytenoid

Question 35

Intrinsic muscle of the larynx connecting the posterior surfaces of the two anytenoids

Answer 35

Arytenoideus

Question 36

Intrinsic muscle of the larynx that extends from the medial surface of the lamina of the thyroid cartilage to the muscular process of the arytenoid

Answer 36

Thyroarytenoid

Question 37

Intrinsic muscle of the larynx that courses from the internal surface of the thyroid cartilage posteriorly to the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage.

Answer 37

Vocalis

Question 38

All intrinsic muscles of the larynx are ____ of the vocal folds with the exception of the _____ which is an _____

Answer 38

Adducters, Posterior cricoarytenoid, abducter

Question 39

All intrinsic muscles of the larynx are supplied by the _______ with the exception of the _______ which is supplied by the ______

Answer 39

recurrent laryngeal nerve; cricothyroid; superior laryngeal nerve

Question 40

Direct branch of the vagus nerve that divides into two branches that supply the larynx

Answer 40

superior laryngeal nerve

Question 41

External branch of the superior laryngeal nerve courses on the _____ to innervate the _____

Answer 41

external surface of the larynx; cricothyroid muscle

Question 42

The internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve pierces the membrane between the ___ and the ___

Answer 42

hyoid bone and the thyroid cartilage (thyrohyoid membrane)

Question 43

The internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve supplies sensory innervation to the _________-

Answer 43

mucous membrane lining the larynx above the vocal folds

Question 44

Direct branch of the vagus that begins in the throax

Answer 44

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 45

The right recurrent laryngeal nerve loops around the ____

Answer 45

subclavian artery

Question 46

The left loop of the recurrent laryngeal nerve loops around the ___

Answer 46

aorta

Question 47

Both R and L recurrent laryngeal nerves ascend to the ___ in the ______

Answer 47

larynx; groove between the esophagus and the trachea

Question 48

Recurrent laryngeal nerve supplies sensory innervation to the ____

Answer 48

mucous membrane below the vocal folds.

Question 49

Recurrent laryngeal nerve supplies the majority of the _____ muscles of the larynx

Answer 49

intrinsic

Question 50

Arterial supply to the larynx comes from what two primary vessels?

Answer 50

1. Superior laryngeal artery | 2. Inferior laryngeal artery

Question 51

Artery arising from the superior thyroid artery from the external carotid arterysupplying the larynx

Answer 51

Superior laryngeal artery

Question 52

Artery arising from the inferior thyroid artery from the thyrocervical turn which arises from the subclavian artery

Answer 52

Inferior laryngeal artery

Question 53

Cavity of the larynx is divided into three portions:

Answer 53

Vestibule Ventricle Infraglottic cavity

Question 54

Portions of the cavity of the larynx are separated from one another by two horizontal folds of mucous membranes:

Answer 54

False oval fold | true vocal fold

Question 55

Extends from the aditus or inlet down to the vestibular folds

Answer 55

vestibule

Question 56

Opening into the larynx from the laryngopharynx

Answer 56

aditus or inlet

Question 57

Bounded by the epiglottis anteriorly on each side by the aryepiglottic folds

Answer 57

aditus/inlet

Question 58

Function of the closure of the inlet by the epiglottis

Answer 58

Protects respiratory passages against invasion of food and FBs

Question 59

Extends from the thyroid cartilage in front to the arytenoid cartilages behind

Answer 59

False fold

Question 60

Ligament in each false fold

Answer 60

Vestibular ligament

Question 61

Are the false folds involved in voice production?

Answer 61

No

Question 62

The space between the two false folds of either side

Answer 62

rima vestibuli

Question 63

Muscles that adduct the vocal folds also adduct the ____, obliterating the ___

Answer 63

vestibular folds; rima vestibuli

Question 64

Adduction of the vestibular folds allows an increase in ______-

Answer 64

intrathroacic pressure or intraabdominal pressure during urination, dedication or parturition.

Question 65

Space located on either side of the larynx between the vestibular fold and the true vocal fold below

Answer 65

Ventricle of Morgagni

Question 66

Functions in allowing free movement of the vocal folds

Answer 66

Ventricle of Morgagni

Question 67

bind the ventricle of Morgagni inferiorly

Answer 67

true vocal folds

Question 68

Folds of mucous membrane that contain the vocals muscle and the vocal ligament

Answer 68

True vocal folds

Question 69

Extend from the angle of the thyroid cartilage in front to the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilages behind

Answer 69

true vocal folds.

Question 70

Space that lies between the two true vocal folds, representing the narrowest part of the laryngeal cavity

Answer 70

rima glottidis

Question 71

True vocal fods control the air passing through the ____ and thus are important for voice production

Answer 71

rima glottidis

Question 72

attaches the epiglottis to the posterior tongue

Answer 72

Median glossoepiglottic fold

Question 73

of median glossoepiglottic folds

Answer 73

1

Question 74

Attaches the epiglottis to the pharynx

Answer 74

lateral glossoepiglottic folds

Question 75

of lateral glossoepiglottic folds

Answer 75

2

Question 76

Between the median and lateral folds are depressions called ___ in which saliva collects from the posterior tongue

Answer 76

epiglottic valleculae

Question 77

Important landmarks during intubation

Answer 77

epiglottic valleculae