Ch. 24 Thoracic Wall

Question 1

The function of the _____ is to form a protective cavity for the heart and lungs and for the organs of the superior aspect of the abdomen

Answer 1

Thoracic wall

Question 2

Flat bone located at the anterior aspect of the thorax in the midline

Answer 2

Sternum

Question 3

The sternum is divided into three parts:

Answer 3

Manubrium, Body, Xiphoid process

Question 4

Superior portion of the sternum

Answer 4

Manubrium

Question 5

The jugular notch is found on the superior border of the ____

Answer 5

manubrium

Question 6

The manubrium articulates with the ___ and the ____

Answer 6

clavicles and the first two pairs of costal cartilages. (hyaline cartilage between ribs and sternum)

Question 7

Middle portion of the sternum

Answer 7

Body

Question 8

The body is ___, ___, and ___ than the manubrium

Answer 8

long, narrow, and thinner

Question 9

The body articulates with the costal cartilages of ribs ___ through ___

Answer 9

2-7

Question 10

The junction of the manubrium and body.

Answer 10

sternal angle

Question 11

Important palpable landmark for counting ribs

Answer 11

sternal angle

Question 12

Smallest, most variable and inferior portion of the sternum

Answer 12

xyphoid process

Question 13

a depression on the anterior aspect of the diploid profess; palpable and often is visible

Answer 13

epigastric fossa (pit of stomach)

Question 14

Found between the xiphoid process and the body at the superior aspect of the epigastric fossa

Answer 14

xiphisternal joint

Question 15

12 pairs of flat bones from most of the thoracic wall

Answer 15

ribs

Question 16

Humans have ___ ribs on each side of the body

Answer 16

12

Question 17

Variations of ribs include cervical ribs at ___ and lumbar ribs at ___

Answer 17

CV7 and LV1

Question 18

The elongated flattened bones of the rib course ___ and ___ from the thoracic vertebrae

Answer 18

anteriorly and inferiorly

Question 19

Portion of each rib articulates with the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae

Answer 19

head

Question 20

Constricted portion of the rib lateral to the head

Answer 20

neck

Question 21

posterior projection lateral to the neck of the rib

Answer 21

tubercle

Question 22

the tubercle articulates with the _____ of its respective thoracic vetebrae

Answer 22

transverse process

Question 23

Shaft of the rib

Answer 23

body

Question 24

point of the rib where the curve of the rib is the sharpest

Answer 24

angle

Question 25

the anterior end of the rib articulates with the _____

Answer 25

costal cartilage

Question 26

ridge that lies on the inferior surface of the shaft of the rib

Answer 26

costal groove

Question 27

IN the costal groove lies _____ (from superior to anterior)

Answer 27

intercostal vein, artery and nerve

Question 28

The length of the rib increases the ___ to the ___ rib and then decreases to the ___ rib

Answer 28

1st-7th; 12th

Question 29

The first seven ribs are ___

Answer 29

true

Question 30

true ribs are directly connected to the sternum via their ____

Answer 30

costal cartilages

Question 31

The last five ribs (8-12)

Answer 31

false

Question 32

Each costal cartilage of ribs 8, 9, and 10 joins its ________

Answer 32

respective supra adjacent costal cartilage

Question 33

The costal cartilages of ribs 11 and 12 end blindly in muscle with no _____

Answer 33

anterior articulation

Question 34

ribs 11 and 12 are classified as

Answer 34

floating

Question 35

The costal margin is formed by the costal cartilages of ribs ____, which course medially to superiorly

Answer 35

7-10,

Question 36

The infrasternal angle is formed by the intersection of the ______ at the ______

Answer 36

costal margins; xiphisternal joint

Question 37

The superior thoracic aperture is bounded by the ________

Answer 37

upper border of the sternum and by the first ribs

Question 38

Opening through which the greater vessels and visceral tubes ascend or descent between the thorax and the neck

Answer 38

superior thoracic aperture

Question 39

the inferior thoracic aperture is normally closed by the ____

Answer 39

diaphragm

Question 40

Three major openings are found in the diaphragm which allow for the passage of the ___, ___ and ___

Answer 40

inferior vena cava, esophagus and aorta

Question 41

The muscles of the thorax are arranged into three layers:

Answer 41

External layer: external intercostal muscles Middle layer: Internal intercostal msucles Internal layer: Innermost intercostal muscles

Question 42

Origin of external intercostal muscles

Answer 42

lower margin of the rib above

Question 43

insertion of external intercostal muscles

Answer 43

upper margin of the rib below

Question 44

Action of external intercostal muscles

Answer 44

elevation of the ribs during inspiration

Question 45

Innervation of external intercostal muscles

Answer 45

Intercostal nerve T1 through T6 | Thoracoabdominal nerves t7 through T11

Question 46

There are how many external intercostal muscles

Answer 46

11

Question 47

From their point of origin, the fibers of the external intercostal muscles pass ___ and ___ to their point of insertion

Answer 47

medially and inferiorly

Question 48

In the intercostal spaces, the external intercostal muscles extend from the ____ posteriorly to the region of the _____ anteriorly

Answer 48

tubercle of the rib; costochondral junction

Question 49

The external intercostal muscles thin out at the

Answer 49

chostochondral junction

Question 50

When the external intercostal muscles thin out and become membranous

Answer 50

external intercostal membrane

Question 51

Origin of the internal intercostal muscle

Answer 51

upper margin of the rib below and its costal cartilage

Question 52

Insertion of the internal intercostal muscle

Answer 52

lower margin of the rib above and its costal cartilage

Question 53

action of the internal intercostal muscle

Answer 53

depression of the ribs during expiration

Question 54

innervation of the internal intercostal muscle

Answer 54

intercostal nerves t1-t6 | thoracoabdominal nerves t7-t11

Question 55

how many internal intercostal muscles are there

Answer 55

11

Question 56

From their point of origin, the internal intercostal muscles pass ___ and ___ to their point of insertion

Answer 56

medially and superiorly

Question 57

In the intercostal spaces, the internal intercostal muscles extend from the ___ anteriorly to the ____ posteriorly to become the internal intercostal membrane.

Answer 57

sternum; angles of the ribs

Question 58

where the internal intercostal muscles thin out and become membranous

Answer 58

internal intercostal membrane

Question 59

How many innermost intercostal muscles are there?

Answer 59

11

Question 60

The innermost intercostal muscles have the same origin, insertion, action and innervation as the

Answer 60

internal intercostal muscles

Question 61

The innermost intercostal muscles are separated from the internal intercostals by the _____ and ___.

Answer 61

intercostal vessels and nerve.

Question 62

The area between the internal and innermost intercostal muscles

Answer 62

neuromuscular plane

Question 63

Other muscles associated with the thoracic wall

Answer 63

transversus thracis | subcostales

Question 64

How many thoracic spinal nerves are there?

Answer 64

12

Question 65

All of the thoracic spinal nerves traverse an ________ and divide into a ____ and a ___

Answer 65

intervertebral foramen; dorsal and ventral ramus

Question 66

course posteriorly and divide into medial and lateral branches

Answer 66

dorsal fami

Question 67

larger branches of the spinal nerves that course forward into the intercostal spaces.

Answer 67

ventral rami

Question 68

The ventral rami have regional names:

Answer 68

T1-T6 -- Intercostal nerves T7-T11 -- Thoracoabdominal nerves T12 -- Subcostal nerve

Question 69

A typical intercostal nerve has the following course and distribution:

Answer 69

Passes below the neck of the rib corresponding to it Courses between the innermost intercostal and the internal intercostal muscles in the neuromuscular plane Passes forward in the costal groove on the lower surface of the rib where it courses inferior to the intercostal vein and artery Gives off lateral cutaneous branch which divides into anterior and posterior branches At the anterior end of the intercostal space it gives off a anterior cutaneous branch.

Question 70

Intercostal nerve T4 courses inferior to the

Answer 70

fourth thoracic rib

Question 71

The lateral cutaneous branch pierces the:

Answer 71

internal intercostal, external intercostal and serrates anterior muscles

Question 72

the anterior and posterior branches of the lateral cutaneous branch supply the

Answer 72

skin of the chest wall

Question 73

At the anterior end of the intercostal space, the intercostal nerve turns forward through the:

Answer 73

internal intercostal muscle and the external intercostal membrane and the pec major

Question 74

anteriorly, the intercostal nerve is distributed as the ____ to the ____

Answer 74

anterior cutaneous branch; skin in front of the heat.