CH 12 Upper appendicular muscles Flashcards
(54 cards)
1
Q
how many skeletal muscles
A
700
2
Q
- 3 types of muscle tissue
A
- Skeletal
- Smooth
- Cardiac
3
Q
- Each organ has 4 tissue types
A
- Skeletal muscle tissue
- Connective tissue
- Nerve tissue
- Blood or vascular tissue
4
Q
Skeletal muscle
A
- Muscle is made of fascicles
- A fascicle is a bundle of fibers (cells)
- Muscle fibers contain myofibrils
5
Q
- Myofibrils
A
- Composed of myofilaments
- Actin (thin)
- Myosin (thick)
6
Q
Skeletal muscle organization levels
A
- Muscle
- Fascicle
- Muscle fiber
- Myofibril
- Myofilament
7
Q
Muscle
A
- Whole circle
- Covered with epimysium
8
Q
- Fascicle
A
- Small circle in the big circle
- Covered with perimysium
9
Q
- Muscle fiber
A
- Third circle
- Covered in endomysium
10
Q
- Myofibril
A
- Long cylindrical contractile element of muscle fiber
- Not covered w connective tissue
11
Q
- Myofilament
A
- Short contractile proteins of thick and thin myosin and actin
- No connective tissue covering
12
Q
- Connective tissue components
A
- Superficial fascia
- Deep fascia
13
Q
- Superficial fascia
A
- Separates muscle from skin
- Areolar and adipose tissues
14
Q
Deep fascia
A
- External to epimysium
- Bind muscles with similar functions
- Dense irregular connective tissue with vessels and nerves
15
Q
- Compartment syndrome
A
- Swelling of muscles causing compression of nerves and vessels
16
Q
Where does muscle attach
A
Tendon
17
Q
Tendon
A
- Attaches muscle to bone, skin, or other muscle
- Rope likfe structure
- Some form aponeurosis
18
Q
- Muscle fiber organization form 4 patterns
A
- Circular
- Mouth
- Convergent
- Pectoralis major
- Parallel
- Extensor digititorum longus
- Pennate
19
Q
- Actions of skeletal muscle
A
Agonist
Antagonist
Synergist
20
Q
Agonist
A
- Contraction produces the movement
- “Prime” mover
- Tricep contract
21
Q
- Antagonist
A
- Muscle whose action opposes an agonist
- Bicep relax
22
Q
- Synergist
A
- Muscle that assists agonist in performing its action
23
Q
Muscles named via multiple criteria
A
- Muscle action
- Adductor Magnus
- Specific body regions
- Tibialis anterior
- Muscle attachment
- Sternocleidomastoid
- Orientation of muscle fibers
- Rectus abdominis
- Muscle shape and size
- Trapezius
- Muscle heads/proximal tendon
- Biceps brachii
24
Q
Origins and insertions are also called…
A
proximal attachments and distal attachments
25
- Muscles that stabilize the scapula
subclavius
pectoralis minor
serratus anterior
26
subclavius
- Right below clavicle
27
- Pectoralis minor
- Shoulder to pec
28
- Serratus anterior
- Rib to sternum
29
- Muscles that move or stabilize scapula
- Elevators
- Depressors
- Superior rotators
- Inferior rotators
30
Elevator muscles
- Trapezius
- Levator scapulae
- Romboid minor
- Rhomboid major
31
Depressor muscles
- Trapezius (inferior part)
- Pectoralis minor
32
- Superior rotators
- Serratus anterior
- Trapezius (superior)
33
- Inferior rotators
- Rhomboid major
- Rhomboid minor
- Levator scapulae
34
Winged Scapular
- Loss of scapular stability
35
Glenohumeral Joint/arm
- 11 muscles work in region
- 2 attach to trunk (prime movers of joint)
- 9 muscles attach to scapula
- Rotator cuff muscles (4)
36
- 2 attach to trunk (prime movers of joint)
- Pectoralis major
- Latissimus dorsi
37
- 9 muscles attach to scapula
- Rotator cuff muscles (4)
- Biceps brachii
- Triceps brachii
- Deltoid
- Coracobrachialis
- Teres Major
- Supraspinatus
- Subscapularis
- Infraspinatus
- Teres minor
38
- Rotator cuff injuries
- Tendinitis
- Bursitis
- Strains and tear
39
Anterior compartment
- Elbow flexors
- Bicep brachii
- Brachial
- Brachioradialis
40
- Posterior compartment
- Elbow extensors
- Triceps brachii
- Anconeus
41
- Pronators in forearm
- Anterior
- Pronator teres
- Pronator quadratus
42
- Supinator of forearm
- Posterior
- Supinator
- Biceps brachii (synergistic)
43
- Anterior compartment of wrist
- Flex wrist
- Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints and/ or interphalangeal (IP) joints
44
Posterior compartment of wrist
- Extend wrist
- MCP joints
- IP joints
45
Tendons of flexors held in place by
flexor retinaculum
46
- Carpal tunnel
- Space between carpal bones and flexor retinaculum
47
Tendons of extensors held in place by
extensor retinaculum
48
- Superficial layer of Anterior forearm muscles
- Pronator teres
- Flexor carpi radialis
- Palmaris longus
- Flexor crepe ulnaris
49
- Intermediate layer of Anterior forearm muscles
- Flexor digitorum superifialis
50
- Deep layer of Anterior forearm muscles
- Flexer pollicis longus
- Flexor digitorum profundus
- Pronator quadratus
51
- Superficial layer of Posterior forearm muscles
- Extensor carpi radialis longus
- Extensor carpi radialis brevis
- Extensor digitorum
- Extensor digiti minimi
- Extensor carpi ulnaris
52
- Deep layer of Posterior forearm muscles
- Abductor pollicis longus
- Extensor pollicis brevis
- Extensor pollicis longus
- Extensor indicis
- Supinator
53
- Intrinsic muscles of the hand
- Thenar group
- Base of thumb
- Hypothenar group
- Base of little finger
- Midpalmar group
- Mid palm
54
- Indopathic Intrinsic muscle atrophy
- Rare cases of metacarpophalangeal joint locking
