Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Ch 24 Digestive System > Flashcards

Ch 24 Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

basic functions

A
  • Ingestion, transportation and break down go food; absorption of nutrients and expelling wastes
  • Food mixed with saliva is a bolus
  • Stomach converts bolus into chyme
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Structure of the digestive glands

A

GI Tract
- Accessory digestive organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
  • GI tract
A
  • Oral cavity, pharynx
    • Esophagus
    • Stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  • Accessory digestive organs
A
  • Teeth tongue, salivary glands
    • Liver gallbladder and pancreas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Anatomy of digestive tract

A
  • Open tract to environment at both ends
  • Material in tract considered to be external to body until it is absorbed by the cells
  • In a strict sense, defected food residue was never in the body
  • Majority of tract wall consists of 3 layers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

tract wall layers

A
  • Mucosa
    • Submucosa
    • Muscular externa
    • Muscular externa
    • Serosa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mucosa

A
  • Inner epithelium
  • Lamina propria
  • Muscular mucosa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  • Inner epithelium
A
  • Simple columnar in majority
    • Stratified squamous
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  • Lamina propria
A
  • Loose connective tissue layer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  • Muscular mucosa
A
  • Thin layer of smooth muscle
    - Creates grooves and ridges to enhance surface area
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Submucosa

A
  • Thicker layer of loose connective tissue
  • Contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, a nerve plexus
  • In some area mucus-secreting glands that lubricate into the lumen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Muscular externa and serosa

A
  • Inner circular layer
  • Outer longitudinal layer
  • Serosa is composed of a thin layer of areolar tissue topped by a simple squamous mesothelium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  • Functions of oral cavity
A
  • Ingestion
    • Taste
    • Chewing and chemical digestion
    • Swallow, speech, and respiration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  • Oral cavity boundaries
A
  • Teeth and lips anteriorly; oropharynx posteriorly
    • Palate superiorly; mylohyoid muscle inferiorly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  • Regions of oral cavity
A
  • Vestibule - between cheeks or lips and gums
    - Oral cavity proper - central to alveolar processes of jaw bones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Salivary glands

A
  • Parotid salivary glands: secrete 25-30% of saliva
  • Submandibular salivary glands: produce 60-70% saliva
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Esophagus

A
  • Straight muscular tube
  • Begins: level between C6 and cricoid cartilage
  • Extends from laryngopharynx to cardiac orifice of stomach
  • Passes through esophageal hiatus in diaphragm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
  • Lower esophageal sphincter
A
  • Constrict beyond hiatus
    • Prevents stomach contents from regurgitation
19
Q

location of stomach + function

A
  • Located in upper left quadrant of abdomen
  • Contains the mechanical and chemical digestion of bolus
  • The bolus eventually is processed into paste-like chyme
20
Q

Cardia

A

meets esophagus at opening

21
Q

Fundus

A

dome shaped superior to cardiac orifice

22
Q

Body of stomach

A

largest regions; inferior to cardiac orifice and fungus

23
Q

Pylorus

A

funnel shaped terminal region at the bottom

24
Q

Greater curvature

A

inferior convex border

25
Q

Lesser curvature

A

superior concave border

26
Q

5 types of stomach wall cells

A
  • Surface mucuous cells
    • Mucous neck cells
    • Parietal cells
    • Chief cells
    • Enteroendocrine cells
27
Q
  • Stomach innervation
A
  • Parasympathetic fibers from vagus
    • Sympathetic fibers from celiac ganglia
28
Q
  • Blood supply
A
  • Branches of the celiac trunk
    • Blood drained from stomach and intestines enter hepatic portal circulation and is filtered through liver before returning to heart
29
Q

Small intestine

A
  • Almost all chemical digestion and absorption occurs here
  • Longest part of GI tract
  • 5m in living person, 8m in dead
30
Q

3 regions of small intestine

A
  • Duodenum
  • Jejunum
  • Ileum
31
Q

Duodenum

A
  • Retroperitoneal
  • Begins at pyloric valve
  • Pancreatic enzymes perform chemical digestion
  • Duodenojejunal flexure - border between duodenum and jejunum
32
Q

Jejunum

A
  • First 40% post duodenum
  • Intraperitoneal
  • Digestion and nutrient absorption occurs here
33
Q

Ilium

A
  • Last 60% post duodenal small intestine
  • Intraperiotneal
  • Ileocecal junction - where the ileum joins the cecum of the large intestine
  • Ill papilla- protrudes into cecum; regulates passage of food into large intestine
34
Q

Large intestine

A
  • Eliminates feces by defecation
  • Begins as cecum inferior to ideal papilla
  • Appendix attached to lower end of cecum
35
Q
  • Colonic regions
A
  • Ascending colon, right colic flexure, transverse colon, left colic fixture, and descending colon
    • Sigmoid colon is s-shaped leading into pelvic cavity
36
Q
  • Rectum
A
  • 4 curves and 3 inholdings called transverse rectal folds
37
Q
  • Anal canal
A
  • Pass through elevator ani muscle and pelvic floor
    - Internal anal sphincter
    - External anal sphincter
38
Q

Circulation of liver

A
  • Superior mesenteric artery first 2/3
  • Inferior mesenteric artery - last 1/3
39
Q

Liver

A
  • Reddish brown organ located inferior to diaphragm
  • Right upper abdominant quadrant
40
Q

liver functions

A
  • Detoxification
    • Metabolism
    • Immune system
    • Protein synthesis
    • Production of bile
    • Blood sugar balance
    • Storage of micronutrients
    • Production of cholesterol
41
Q
  • 4 lobes of the liver
A
  • Right
    • Left
    • Quadrate
    • Caudate
42
Q
  • Ligaments of liver
A
  • Falciform ligament
    - Separates left and right lobes
    • Round ligament
      • Fibrous remnant of umbilical vein
      • Carries blood from umbilical cord to liver of fetus
43
Q
  • Hilum
A
  • Irregular opening between quadrate and caudate lobes
    - Entry of hepatic portal vein and proper hepatic artery
    - Exit for the bile ducts
44
Q
  • Gall bladder
A
  • Inferior surface of the liver, between right and quadrate lobes

Anatomy (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions