Ch 6 Skeletal Bone tissue

Question 1

organ system with tissues that grow and change throughout life

Answer 1

• Bone
• Cartilage
• ligament
• Other connective tissue

Question 2

cartilage

Answer 2

• Semirigid connective tissue (bone rigid)
• Weaker than bone
• More flexible and resilient
• Mature cartilage is avascular

Question 3

cartilage cells

Answer 3

• Chondroblasts: produce matrix
• Chondrocytes: surrounded by matrix
• Occupy small spaces called lacunae

Question 4

3 types of cartilage

Answer 4

hyaline
elastic
fibrocartilage

Question 5

hyaline

Answer 5

joints

Question 6

fibrocartilage

Answer 6

shock absorption

Question 7

elastic cartilage

Answer 7

ears

Question 8

Bones of skeletal system contain

Answer 8

• Contain bone connective tissue
• Extracellular matrix is sturdy and rigid due to calcification

Question 9

Bone function

Answer 9

• Support and protection
• Movement - attachment sites for muscle
• Hemopoeisis - blood cell production in red bone marrow
• Storage of mineral and energy reserves
  
  • Calcium and phosphate
  • Lipids stored in yellow bone marrow

Question 10

hemopoeisis

Answer 10

blood cell production in red bone marrow

Question 11

where are lipids stored

Answer 11

yellow bone marrow

Question 12

bone cells

Answer 12

• Osteoprogenitor cells
• Osteoblasts
• Osteocytes
• Osteoclasts

Question 13

Osteoprogenitor cells

Answer 13

• Mesenchymal stem cells in endosperm and periosteum

Question 14

• Osteoblasts

Answer 14

• Form bone matrix
  
  • Secrete osteoid
  • “Build”

Question 15

• Osteocytes

Answer 15

• Reside in lacunae
  
  • Maintain matrix and detect mechanical stress on a bone

Question 16

• Osteoclasts

Answer 16

• Large multinuclear cells that dissolve bone matrix (bone resorption) releasing calcium
  
  • “Dissolve”

Question 17

• Compact bone

Answer 17

• Solid and relatively dense
  
  • External surfaces of long and flat bones

Question 18

• Spongy bone

Answer 18

• Openings - trabeculae
  
  • Internal surface of bone

Question 19

Compact bone anatomy

Answer 19

• Basic unit is osteon
• Concentric lamellae
• Intertsital lamellae
• Central (Haversian) canal
• Perforating canals
• Osteocytes (spider cells)
  
  • Housed in lacunae between lamellae
• Canaliculi (spider cell arm)
  
  • Allow osteocytes to connect and communicate

Question 20

Spongy bone anatomy

Answer 20

• No osteons
• Trabeculae with parallel lamellae
• Provides resistance to stress

Question 21

long bone

Answer 21

• Greater length than width
  
  • Ie: arm and leg

Question 22

short bone

Answer 22

• Nearly equal length and width
  
  • Ie: carpals and tarsals

Question 23

flat bones

Answer 23

• Thin flat surfaces
  
  • Ie: roof of skull

Question 24

• Irregular bone

Answer 24

• Complex shapes
  
  • Ie: vertebrae

Question 25

Outside of bone anatomy

Answer 25

epiphysis Metaphysis diaphysis medullary cavity

Question 26

epiphysis

Answer 26

- Regions on end of bone - Contains red bone marrow - Attachment for ligaments and tendons - Proximal and distal ends

Question 27

metaphysis

Answer 27

- Between diaphysis (middle) and epiphysis (ends) - Contains epiphyseal (growth) plates

Question 28

diaphysis

Answer 28

- Elongated central shaft - Middle part

Question 29

medullary cavity

Answer 29

- Hollow space inside diaphysis - Houses yellow bone marrow

Question 30

Bone elongation

Answer 30

- Bones grow longer at epiphysis plates - Plates made of hyaline cartilage

Question 31

fractures

Answer 31

abnormal trauma

Question 32

pathological fracture

Answer 32

- Bone weakened by disease - Ie: osteoporosis

Question 33

- Classified according to

Answer 33

- Breaking of skin - Direction of fracture - Separation of bone pieces

Question 34

Osteoporosis

Answer 34

- Bone loses mass - Hip, wrist, and vertebrae are most vulnerable - Postmenopausal white, light women have higher risk