Ch 20 Heart Anatomy

Question 1

Number 1 cause of death globally is…

Answer 1

Cardiovascular disease

Question 2

Development of the heart begins during week…?

Answer 2

week 3
- heart tubes form and fuse

Question 3

Primitive heart is beating by day…?

Answer 3

day 22

Question 4

Where is the base of the heart

Answer 4

wide superior portion
(top left if looking from the front)

Question 5

Where is the apex of the heart

Answer 5

tapered inferior end
(bottom right if from front)

Question 6

how big is the heart

Answer 6

size of fist

Question 7

what is the pericardium

Answer 7

double walled sac surrounding the heart

Question 8

3 types of pericardium

Answer 8

fibrous pericardium
serous pericardium
pericardial cavity

Question 9

pericardium purpose

Answer 9

• Prevents friction, provides room to expand, resists excessive expansion
  
  • Anchored to diaphragm inferiorly and sternum anteriorly

Question 10

fibrous pericardium

Answer 10

outer wall, not attached to heart

Question 11

serous pericardium

Answer 11

• Parietal layer-line fibrous pericardium
  
  • Visceral layer (epicardium)- covering heart surface

Question 12

pericardial cavity

Answer 12

• Space between parietal and visceral layers of serous pericardium
  
  • Filled with 5-30 mL of pericardial fluid

Question 13

layers of the heart wall (superficial to deep)

Answer 13

epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

Question 14

epicardium characteristics

Answer 14

• Serous membrane of covering heart
  - Thick adipose layer in regions
  - Coronary blod vessels

Question 15

myocardium characteristics

Answer 15

• Cardiac muscle: muscle spirals around heart

Question 16

endocardium charactersitics

Answer 16

• Smooth inner lining of heart and blood vessels
  - Covers valve surfaces
  - Is continuous with endothelium of blood vessels

Question 17

fibrous skeleton of the heart

Answer 17

• Framework of collagenous and elastic fibers
  - Structural support for cardiac muscle and anchor for valve tissue

Question 18

where is fibrous skeleton located

Answer 18

• located in myocardium

Question 19

4 chambers of the heart

Answer 19

Right atria
Left atria
Right ventricle
Left ventricle

Question 20

Coronary sulcus separates…

Answer 20

• Separates atria and ventricles

Question 21

Inter ventricular sulcus divides…

Answer 21

• Divides R ventricle from L (inter ventricular septum)

Question 22

interatrial septum is the…

Answer 22

wall that separates atria

Question 23

pectinate muscles

Answer 23

internal ridges of myocardium in right atrium

Question 24

inter ventricular septum

Answer 24

wall that separates ventricles

Question 25

trabecular carnae

Answer 25

internal ridges in both ventricles

Question 26

papillary muscles

Answer 26

pillar like muscles inside cavity of the ventricles

Question 27

left ventricular wall thickness

Answer 27

- Left ventricular wall is typically three times thicker than the right wall

Question 28

what do the valves do

Answer 28

- Ensure one way flow of blood through the heart

Question 29

Atrioventricular (AV) valves

Answer 29

- Control blood flow between atria and ventricles

Question 30

Right AV is called the

Answer 30

tricuspid valve

Question 31

Right AV valve has how many cusps

Answer 31

3

Question 32

Left AV valve is called

Answer 32

Bicuspid (mitral)

Question 33

How many cusps in Left AV valve

Answer 33

2 cusps

Question 34

Chordae Tendinae connects...

Answer 34

AV valves to papillary muscles

Question 35

Semilunar valves are named

Answer 35

Pulmonary valve Aortic Valve

Question 36

Pulmonary valve location

Answer 36

Between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

Question 37

Aortic valve location

Answer 37

Between left ventricle and aorta

Question 38

Types of cardiomyocytes

Answer 38

- Striated - Branched cells - Shirt - Thick - Central nucleus

Question 39

Intercalated discs

Answer 39

join cardiomyocytes end to end

Question 40

Interdigitating folds

Answer 40

interlock w each other increasing surface area of contact

Question 41

Mechanical junctions

Answer 41

desmosomes

Question 42

Electrical junctions

Answer 42

gap junctions

Question 43

Hypertrophic heart

Answer 43

- Response to pressure or volume stress

Question 44

2 types of hypertrophic heart

Answer 44

physiologic (athletes or pregnancy) pathologic (disorders)