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Anatomy > Ch 20 Heart Anatomy > Flashcards

Ch 20 Heart Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Number 1 cause of death globally is…

A

Cardiovascular disease

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2
Q

Development of the heart begins during week…?

A

week 3
- heart tubes form and fuse

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3
Q

Primitive heart is beating by day…?

A

day 22

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4
Q

Where is the base of the heart

A

wide superior portion
(top left if looking from the front)

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5
Q

Where is the apex of the heart

A

tapered inferior end
(bottom right if from front)

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6
Q

how big is the heart

A

size of fist

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7
Q

what is the pericardium

A

double walled sac surrounding the heart

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8
Q

3 types of pericardium

A

fibrous pericardium
serous pericardium
pericardial cavity

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9
Q

pericardium purpose

A
  • Prevents friction, provides room to expand, resists excessive expansion
    • Anchored to diaphragm inferiorly and sternum anteriorly
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10
Q

fibrous pericardium

A

outer wall, not attached to heart

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11
Q

serous pericardium

A
  • Parietal layer-line fibrous pericardium
    • Visceral layer (epicardium)- covering heart surface
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12
Q

pericardial cavity

A
  • Space between parietal and visceral layers of serous pericardium
    • Filled with 5-30 mL of pericardial fluid
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13
Q

layers of the heart wall (superficial to deep)

A

epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

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14
Q

epicardium characteristics

A
  • Serous membrane of covering heart
    - Thick adipose layer in regions
    - Coronary blod vessels
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15
Q

myocardium characteristics

A
  • Cardiac muscle: muscle spirals around heart
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16
Q

endocardium charactersitics

A
  • Smooth inner lining of heart and blood vessels
    - Covers valve surfaces
    - Is continuous with endothelium of blood vessels
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17
Q

fibrous skeleton of the heart

A
  • Framework of collagenous and elastic fibers
    - Structural support for cardiac muscle and anchor for valve tissue
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18
Q

where is fibrous skeleton located

A
  • located in myocardium
19
Q

4 chambers of the heart

A

Right atria
Left atria
Right ventricle
Left ventricle

20
Q

Coronary sulcus separates…

A
  • Separates atria and ventricles
21
Q

Inter ventricular sulcus divides…

A
  • Divides R ventricle from L (inter ventricular septum)
22
Q

interatrial septum is the…

A

wall that separates atria

23
Q

pectinate muscles

A

internal ridges of myocardium in right atrium

24
Q

inter ventricular septum

A

wall that separates ventricles

25
Q

trabecular carnae

A

internal ridges in both ventricles

26
Q

papillary muscles

A

pillar like muscles inside cavity of the ventricles

27
Q

left ventricular wall thickness

A
  • Left ventricular wall is typically three times thicker than the right wall
28
Q

what do the valves do

A
  • Ensure one way flow of blood through the heart
29
Q

Atrioventricular (AV) valves

A
  • Control blood flow between atria and ventricles
30
Q

Right AV is called the

A

tricuspid valve

31
Q

Right AV valve has how many cusps

A

3

32
Q

Left AV valve is called

A

Bicuspid (mitral)

33
Q

How many cusps in Left AV valve

A

2 cusps

34
Q

Chordae Tendinae connects…

A

AV valves to papillary muscles

35
Q

Semilunar valves are named

A

Pulmonary valve
Aortic Valve

36
Q

Pulmonary valve location

A

Between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

37
Q

Aortic valve location

A

Between left ventricle and aorta

38
Q

Types of cardiomyocytes

A
  • Striated
    • Branched cells
    • Shirt
    • Thick
    • Central nucleus
39
Q

Intercalated discs

A

join cardiomyocytes end to end

40
Q

Interdigitating folds

A

interlock w each other increasing surface area of contact

41
Q

Mechanical junctions

A

desmosomes

42
Q

Electrical junctions

A

gap junctions

43
Q

Hypertrophic heart

A
  • Response to pressure or volume stress
44
Q

2 types of hypertrophic heart

A

physiologic (athletes or pregnancy)
pathologic (disorders)

Anatomy (19 decks)

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