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Anatomy > Ch 15 Brain Anatomy > Flashcards

Ch 15 Brain Anatomy Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

4 major regions of the brain

A
  • Cerebrum
  • Diencephalon
  • Brainstem
  • Cerebellum
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2
Q

anterior and posterior of head region is called…

A

rostral and caudral

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3
Q
  • Gray matter (outer cortex) function
A
  • Motor neuron and interneuron cell bodies
    - Dendrites, telodendria, and unmyelinated axons
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4
Q
  • White matter (inner region) function
A
  • White matter (inner region)
    - Contains myelinated axons
    - Axon terminals
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5
Q

Cerebral nuclei

A

deep regions of gray matter

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6
Q

Cerebrum

A
  • Is the location of conscious thought
  • Origin of intellectual functions
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7
Q

Cerebrum surface is marked by

A

gyri
sulcus
fissures

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8
Q

gyri

A

(ridges/folds)

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9
Q

sulcus

A

grooves/depressions

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10
Q

fissures

A

deep grooves

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11
Q
  • Longitudinal fissure
A
  • Divides cerebrum into left and right
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12
Q
  • Central sulcus
A
  • Middle of brain sulcus
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13
Q
  • Lateral sulcus
A
  • Side of head sulcus
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14
Q
  • Parieto-occipital sulcus
A
  • Back of head sulcus
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15
Q

5 Lobes of cerebrum

A

frontal
parietal
temporal
occipital
insula

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16
Q
  • Frontal lobe
A
  • Anterior region of cerebral hemisphere
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17
Q
  • Frontal lobe Posterior border
A

central sulcus

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18
Q
  • Frontal lobe Inferior border
A

lateral sulcus (Sylvia fissure)

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19
Q
  • Frontal lobe Percentral gyrus
A

primary motor cortex

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20
Q
  • Frontal lobe functions
A
  • Voluntary movement, verbal communication, higher level functions (ie. Decision making, planning, self-control, personality)
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21
Q
  • Frontal lobe syndrome
A
  • Damage to frontal lobe
    - Symptoms
    - Lowered libido
    - Weakness on side of body or face
    - Depression
    - Behavioral changes
    - Easily distracted
    - Diminished sense of taste and smell
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22
Q
  • Parietal lobe
A
  • Superoposteriar part of each hemisphere
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23
Q
  • Parietal lobe Anterior border
A

central sulcus

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24
Q
  • Parietal lobe Inferior border
A

lateral sulcus

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25
- Parietal lobe Posterior border
Pareto-occipital sulcus
26
- Parietal lobe Postcentral gyrus
primary somatosensory cortex
27
- Parietal lobe Functions
- Processing somatosensory information from body
28
- Temporal lobe Superior border
lateral sulcus
29
Temporal lobe Posterior border
pre-occipital notch
30
Temporal lobe functions
- Processing auditory information - Encoding of memory
31
- Occipital lobe Antero-superior border
Parieto-occcipital sulcus
32
- Occipital lobe Antero-posterior border
pre-occipital notch
33
Occipital lobe functions
- Processes incoming visual information, stores visual memories
34
- Insula (islands of real)
- Deep to the lateral sulcus - Involved in interoceptive awareness, emotion, empathy, taste
35
3 regions of the diencephalon
epithalamus thalamus hypothalamus
36
epithalamus
- Posterior portion houses - pineal gland - habenular nuclei
37
pineal gland
located in epithalamus - Secretes melatonin (regulates circadian rhythm
38
habenular nuclei location and function
located in epithalamus - Relays signals from limbic system to midbrain; involved in visceral and emotional responses to odor
39
- Thalamus
- Mid portion - Paired masses of gray matter on each side of third ventricle - Sensory impulses from conscious senses converge on thalamus and synapse in one of it nuclei
40
- Hypothalamus
- Anterior portion - Infundibulum - Thin, stalk like structure inferior to hypothalamus ( attach to pituitary gland) - Specific nuclei control various functions in body
41
3 regions of brainstem
Midbrain Pons Medulla Oblongata
42
Brainstem function
- Connects cerebrum and cerebellum to spinal cord (tracts) - Contains autonomic and reflex centers required for survival - Houses nuclei of many of the cranial nerves
43
where does the midbrain connect
to diencephalon
44
- Cerebral aqueduct
- Extends through midbrain and connects third and fourth ventricles
45
midbrain is surrounded by what
by periaqueductal gray matter
46
midbrain features
- Nuclei of cranial nerves (CN) III and IV - Cerebral peduncles - Superior cerebellar peduncles connect to cerebellum to midbrain - Substantia nigra - Tegmentum - Superior and inferior colliculi are visual and auditory reflex centers, respectively
47
- Tegmentum
- Is between substantia nigra and periaqueductal gray matter
48
- Substantia nigra
- Houses neurons that produce dopamine; involved in motor control, emotion, pleasure, and pain
49
- Cerebral peduncles
- Interconnection structures from primary motor cortex to spinal cord
50
Superior cerebellar peduncles connect where
cerebellum to midbrain
51
- Middle cerebellar peduncles
- Transverse fibers that connect pons to cerebellum
52
Pons functions
- Contains autonomic nuclei in pontine respirator center that help regulate breathing - Houses sensory and motor cranial nerve nuclei for CN, V, CN VI, and CN VII - Superior Olivary Complex nuclei receive auditory input and help localize sounds source
53
- Medulla oblongata
- Pyramids which are composed of motor projection tracts (corticospinal tracts)
54
- Medulla oblongata Contains several autonomic nuclei:
cardiac center vasomotor center medullary respiratory center
55
cardiac center
- Regulates heart rate and strength of contraction
56
vasomotor center
- Controls blood pressure by regulating smooth muscle of arterioles
57
medullary respiratory center
- Regulates respiratory rate
58
Parkinson’s disease
- Slowness of movement - Speech changes - Tremor - Diminished substantial nigra
59
Cerebellum 3 regions
- Cerebellar cortex - Arbor vitae - Cerebellar nuclei
60
cerebellar cortex
- Outer layer of gray matter
61
Arbor vitae
- Internal region of white matter
62
- Cerebellar nuclei
- Deepest layer
63
Cerebellum divided into left and right hemisphere
- Each hemisphere has an anterior and posterior lobe - A narrow vermis sits on the midline between hemispheres
64
Folds of cerebellar cortex are called
folia
65
Cerebellum functions
- Fine tune movements - Memories of previous learned movement patterns - Equilibrium and posture - Proprioceptive information

Anatomy (19 decks)

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