Ch. 12 Urinary & Male Reproductive system Flashcards
(274 cards)
1
Q
glomerul/o
A
glomerulus (plural: glomeruli)
2
Q
nephr/o
ren/o
A
kidney
3
Q
pyel/o
A
renal pelvis
4
Q
ur/o
urin/o
A
urine
5
Q
lith/o
A
stone
6
Q
cyst/o
vesic/o
A
bladder
7
Q
urethr/o
A
urethra
8
Q
ureter/o
A
ureter
9
Q
meat/o
A
opening
10
Q
balan/o
A
penis
11
Q
epididym/o
A
epididymis
12
Q
orch/o
orchi/o
orchid/o
test/o
testicul/o
A
testicle
13
Q
prostat/o
A
prostate
14
Q
sperm/o
spermat/o
sperm/i
A
sperm
15
Q
anuria
A
lack of urination
an/ur/ia (no/urine/condition)
16
Q
cystalgia
A
pain in the bladder
cyst/algia (bladder/pain)
17
Q
cystodynia
A
pain in the bladder
cysto/dynia (bladder/pain)
18
Q
cystoplegia
A
bladder paralysis
cysto/plegia (bladder/paralysis)
19
Q
dysuria
A
painful urination
dys/ur/ia (bad/urine/condition)
20
Q
enuresis
A
involuntary urination
Greek: “to urinate”
21
Q
hematuria
A
bloody urination
hemat/ur/ia (blood/urine/condition)
22
Q
incontinence
A
inability to control urination
in/con/tinence (not/together/hold)
23
Q
nephralgia
A
pain in the kidney
nephr/algia (kidney/pain)
24
Q
nocturia
A
nighttime urination
noct/ur/ia (night/urine/condition)
25
nocturnal enuresis
nighttime involuntary urination
26
oliguria
low urine output
olig/ur/ia (few/urine/condition)
27
polydipsia
excessive thirst
poly/dips/ia (many/thirst/condition)
28
polyuria
excessive urination
poly/ur/ia (many/urine/condition)
29
pyuria
pus in the urine
py/ur/ia (pus/urine/condition)
30
ureteralgia
pain in the ureter
ureter/algia (ureter/pain)
31
urethrodynia
pain in the urethra
urethra/dynia (urethra/pain)
32
urethrorrhea
discharge from the urethra
urethro/rrhea (urethra/discharge)
33
urocyanosis
blue urine
uro/cyan/osis (urine/blue/condition)
34
urodynia
painful urination
uro/dynia (urine/pain)
35
balanorrhea
discharge from the penis
balano/rrhea (penis/discharge)
36
orchialgia
testicle pain
orchi/algia (testicle/pain)
37
orchidoptosis
downward placement of a testicle
orchid/optosis (testicle/drooping condition)
38
orchiodynia
testicle pain
orchio/dynia (testicle/pain)
39
priapism
persistent and painful erection
from ancient Greek, minor fertility god named Priapus, who is always shown with a large and permanently erect penis
40
albuminuria
protein in the urine
albumin/ur/ia (protein/urine/condition)
41
azotemia
excessive nitrogen in the blood
azot/emia (nitrogen/blood condition)
42
azotorrhea
excessive discharge of nitrogen
azoto/rrhea (nitrogen/discharge)
43
azoturia
excessive nitrogen in the urine
azot/ur/ia (nitrogen/urine/condition)
44
cystorrhexis
rupture of the bladder
cysto/rrhexis (bladder/rupture)
45
dipsogenic
creating thirst
dipso/genic (thirst/creating)
46
glucosuria
glucos/ur/ia (sugar/urine/condition)
47
glycosuria
sugar in the urine
glycos/ur/ia (sugar/urine/condition)
48
hyperkalemia
excessive potassium in the blood
hyper/kal/emia (over/potassium/blood condition)
49
hyponatremia
low sodium in the blood
hypo/natr/emia (under/sodium/blood condition)
50
ketolysis
breakdown of ketones
keto/lysis (ketones/loose)
51
ketonuria
presence of ketones in the urine
keton/ur/ia (ketones/urine/condition)
52
meatal stenosis
narrowing of the opening of the urethra
meat/al sten/osis (opening/pertaining to/narrow/condition)
53
nephroptosis
downward displacement of a kidney
nephron/ptosis (kidney/drooping condition)
54
nephrosis
kidney condition
nephr/osis (kidney/condition)
55
uremia
urine in the blood
ur/emia (urine/blood condition)
56
ureterocele
hernia of a ureter
uretero/cele (ureter/hernia)
57
ureterolithiasis
presence of stones in a ureter
uretero/lith/iasis (ureter/stone/presence)
58
ureterostenosis
narrowing of a ureter
uretero/sten/osis (ureter/narrow/condition)
59
urethrospasm
involuntary contraction of the urethra
urethro/spasm (urethra/involuntary contraction)
60
urethrostenosis
narrowing of the urethra
urethro/sten/osis (urethra/narrowing/condition)
61
cystoscopy
process for examining the bladder
cysto/scopy (bladder/looking procedure)
62
meatoscope
instrument for examining the opening of the urethra
meato/scope (opening/instrument to look)
63
meatoscopy
process for examining the opening of the urethra
meato/scopy (opening/looking procedure)
64
nephroscopy
procedure for examining a kidney
nephro/scopy (kidney/looking procedure)
65
resectoscope
instrument for examining and cutting (usually the prostate)
re/secto/scope (back/cut/instrument to look)
66
ureteroscopy
process of examining a ureter
uretero/scopy (ureter/looking procedure)
67
urethroscopy
process of examining the urethra
urethro/scopy (urethra/looking procedure)
68
urinalysis (UA)
analysis of the urine to determine presence of abnormal elements
69
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
nitrogen in the blood in the form of urea; it is the product of the breakdown of amino acids for energy
70
diuresis
excessive urination
di/uresis (through/urination)
71
nephrologist
specialist in the kidneys
nephro/logist (kidney/specialist)
72
nephrology
study of the kidneys
nephro/logy (kidney/study)
73
urologist
specialist in the urinary tract
uro/logist (urine/specialist)
74
urology
study of the urinary tract
uro/logy (urine/study)
75
uropoiesis
formation of urine
uro/poiesis (urine/formation)
76
uroxanthin
substance in urine that makes it yellow
uro/xanthin (urine/yellow)
77
voiding
urination
"empty"
78
anorchidism
lack of a testicle
an/orchid/ism (no/testicle/condition)
79
aspermia
condition characterized by lack of living sperm
a/sperm/ia (no/sperm/condition)
80
azoospermia
condition characterized by lack of living sperm
a/zoo/sperm/ia (no/living/sperm/condition)
81
cryptorchidism
hidden testicle
crypt/orchid/ism (hidden/testicle/condition)
82
hydrocele
fluid-filled mass in a testicle
hydro/cele (water/hernia (mass or tumor))
83
hypospadias
birth defect in which the opening of the urethra is on the underside, instead of the end, of the penis
Greek: "to tear underneath"
84
oligospermia
condition characterized by low sperm production
oligo/sperm/ia (low/sperm/condition)
85
phimosis
contraction of the foreskin of the penis, preventing it from being retracted
Greek: "muzzle"
86
prostatolith
stone in the prostate
prostato/lith (prostate/stone)
87
prostatomegaly
abnormal enlargement of the prostate
prostato/megaly (prostate/enlargement)
88
prostatorrhea
discharge from the prostate
prostato/rrhea (prostate/discharge)
89
seminoma
type of testicular cancer arising from sperm-forming tissue
semin/oma (sperm/tumor)
90
spermatocele
hernia or distention of the epididymis caused by sperm cells
spermato/cele (hernia or distention of the epididymis caused by sperm cells)
91
spermatolysis
destruction of sperm cells
spermato/lysis
92
digital rectal exam (DRE)
examination of the prostate using a finger inserted into the rectum
digit/al rect/al exam (finger/pertaining to/rectum/pertaining to/exam)
93
ejaculation
emission of semen from the urethra
e/jacul/ation (out/throw/process)
94
gonads
pair of organs used for sexual reproduction; males: testicles females: ovaries
gon/ads (creation/pair)
95
spermatogenesis
creation of a sperm
spermato/genesis (sperm/creation)
96
vas deferns
vessel carrying sperm from the testicles
vas de/ferens (vessel;/away/carrying)
97
cystogram
image of the bladder
cysto/gram (bladder/record)
98
cystography
process for recording/imaging the bladder
cysto/graphy (bladder/writing procedure)
99
nephrogram
image of a kidney
nephro/gram (kidney/record)
100
nephrography
procedure for imaging a kidney
nephro/graphy (kidney/writing procedure)
101
nephrosonography
procedure for imaging a kidney using sound waves
nephro/sono/graphy (kidney/sound/writing procedure)
102
pyelogram
image of the renal pelvis
pyelo/gram (pelvis/record)
103
renal angiogram
image of a kidney blood vessel
ren/al angio/gram (kidney/pertaining to/ vessel/record)
104
renal angiography
process of imaging a kidney blood vessel
ren/al angio/graphy (kidney/pertaining to/ vessel/writing procedure)
105
renal arteriogram
image of a kidney artery
ren/al arterio/gram (kidney/pertaining to/vessel/record)
106
retrograde pyelogram
image of the renal pelvis produced by injecting a contrast dye from the bladder to the kidney
retro/grade pyelo/gram (backward/walk/pelvis/record)
107
ultrasonography
imaging procedure using high-frequency sound waves
ultra/sono/graphy (high/sound/writing procedure)
108
voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)
imaging procedure of the bladder and urethra produced during urination
voiding cysto/urthero/gram (urinating/bladder/urethra/record)
109
transrectal ultrasonography
procedure using a probe inserted into the rectum using high-frequency sound waves to scan through the rectum to nearby tissue (most commonly, the prostate)
trans/rect/al ultra/sono/graphy (through/rectum/pertaining to/high/sound/writing procedure)
110
urethrogram
urethro/gram (urethra/record)
111
cystitis
inflammation of the bladder
cyst/itis (bladder/inflammation)
112
cystocele
hernia of the bladder
cysto/cele (bladder/hernia)
113
cystolith
stone in the bladder
cysto/lith (bladder/stone)
114
cystoptosis
downward displacement of the bladder
ccysto/ptosis (bladder/ drooping condition)
115
cystospasm
involuntary contraction of the bladder
cysto/spasm (bladder/involuntary contraction)
116
cystoureteritis
inflammation of the bladder and ureter
cysto/ureter/itis (bladder/urethra/inflammation)
117
cystourethrocele
hernia of the bladder and urethra
cysto/urethro/cele (blaadder/urethra/hernia)
118
glomerulonephritis
inflammation of the kidneys involving primarily the glomeruli
glomerulo/nephr/itis (glomerulus/kidney/inflammation)
119
glomerulopathy
disease of the kidney involving the primarily the glomeruli
glomerulo/pathy (glomerulus/disease)
120
glomerulosclerosis
hardening of the glomeruli
glomerulo/sclerosis (glomerulus/hardening)
121
hydronephrosis
kidney condition caused by the obstruction of urine flow
hydro/nephr/osis (water/kidney/condition)
122
lithonephritits
inflammation of the kidneys caused by stones
litho/nephr/itis (stone/kidney/inflammation)
123
nephritis
inflammation of the kidney
nephr/itis (kidney/inflammation)
124
nephrocele
hernia of a kidney
nephro/cele (kidney/hernia)
125
nephrohypertrophy
overdevelopment of the kidney
nephro/hyper/trophy (kidney/over/nourishment)
126
nephrolithiasis
presence of stones in the kidney
nephro/lith/iasis (kidney/stone/presence)
127
nephromalacia
abnormal softening of a kidney
nephro/malacia (kidney/softening)
128
nephromegaly
abnormal enlargement of a kidney
nephro/megaly (kidney/enlargement)
129
nephropathy
any kidney disease
nephro/pathy (kidney/disease)
130
nephroptosis
downward displacement of a kidney
nephro/ptosis (kidney/drooping condition)
131
nephrosclerosis
abnormal hardening of a kidney
nephro/scler/osis (kidney/hardening/condition)
132
polycystic kidney disease (PKD)
disease characterized by the formation of many fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys
poly/cyst/ic (many/cysts/pertaining ro)
133
pyelitis
inflammation of the renal pelvis
pyel/itis (pelvis/inflammation)
134
pyelocystitis
inflammation of the renal pelvis and bladder
pyelo/cyst/itis (pelvis/bladder/inflammation)
135
pyelocystostomosis
creation of an opening between the renal pelvis and bladder
pyelo/cysto/stom/osis (pelvis/bladder/mouth/condition)
136
pyelonephritis
inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis
pyelo/nephr/itis (pelvis/kidney/inflammation)
137
pyelopathy
disease of the renal pelvis
pyelo/pathy (pelvis/disease)
138
pyeloureterectasia
dilation of the renal pelvis and ureter
pyelo/ureter/ectasia
139
pyonephritis
inflammation of the kidney caused by pus
pyo/nephr/itis (pus/kidney/inflammation)
140
pyonephrolithiasis
presence of pus and stones in the kidney
pyo/nephro/lith/iasis
141
pyopyelectasis
pus in a dilated renal pelvis
pyo/pyel/ectasis (pus/pelvis/expansion)
142
renal failure
kidney failure
ren/al (kidney/pertaining to)
143
renal ischemia
deficiency of blood in a kidney
ren/al isch/emia (kidney/pertaining to/hold back/blood condition)
144
stress urinary incontinence (SUI)
loss of bladder control caused by the application of external pressure
stress urin/ary in/con/tinence (stress/urine/pertaining to/not/together/holding)
145
ureteritis
inflammation of a ureter
ureter/itis (ureter/inflammation)
146
ureteropyelitis
inflammation of a ureter and renal pelvis
uretero/pyel/itis (inflammation of a kidney, renal pelvis, and ureter)
147
ureteropyelonephritis
inflammation of a kidney, renal pelvis, and ureter
uretero/pyelo/nephr/itis (ureter/pelvis/kidney/inflammation)
148
urethritis
inflammation of the urethra
urethr/itis (urethra/inflammation)
149
urethritis
inflammation of the urethra
urethr/itis (urethra/inflammation)
150
urethrocystitis
inflammation of t he urethra and bladder
urethro/cyst/itis (urethra/bladder/infection)
151
urinary tract infection (UTI)
infection of the urinary tract
152
uropathy
disease of the urinary tract
uro/pathy (urine/disease)
153
vesicocele
hernia of the bladder
vesico/cele (bladder/hernia)
154
vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)
abnormal flow of urine from the bladder back into the ureters
vesico/ureter/al re/flux (bladder/ureter/pertaining to/back/flow)
155
balanitis
inflammation of the penis
balan/itis (penis/inflammation)
156
benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH)
noncancerous overdevelopment of the prostate, also known as enlarged prostate
benign prostate hyper/plas/ia (friendly/prostate/hyper/plas/ia)
157
benign prostate hypertrophy
another term for benign prostate hyperplasia
158
epididymitis
inflammation of the epididymis
epididym/itis (epididymis/inflammation)
159
epididymo-orchitis
inflammation of the testicles and epididymis
160
orchiditis
inflammation of the testicles
orchid/itis (testicle/inflammation)
161
orchiepididymitis
inflammation of the testicles and epididymis
orchi/epididym/itis (testicle/epididymis/inflammation)
162
orchiopathy
disease of the testicles
orchio/pathy (testicle/disease)
163
orchitis
inflammation of the testicles
orch/itis (testicle/inflammation)
164
prostatitis
inflammation of the prostate
prostat/itis (prostate inflammation)
165
prostatocystitis
inflammation of the prostate and bladder
prostato/cyst/itis (prostate/bladder/inflammation)
166
prostatovesiculitis
inflammation of the prostate and seminal vesicles
prostato/vesicul/itis (prostate/bladder/inflammation)
167
testitis
inflammation of a testicle
test/itis (testicle/inflammation)
168
varicocele
overexpansion of the blood vessels of the testicles, leading to a soft tumor
varico/cele (twisted/mass or tumor)
169
cystoma
tumor of the bladder
cyst/oma (bladder/tumor)
170
hypernephroma
renal cell carcinoma
hyper/nephr/oma (over/kidney/tumor)
171
nephroma
kidney tumor
nephr/oma (kidney/tumor)
172
renal cell carcinoma
cancer of the kidneys
173
seminoma
type of testicular cancer arising from sperm-forming tissue
semin/oma (sperm/tumor)
174
testicular carcinoma
testicular cancer
175
chlamydia
sexually transmitted disease characterized by genital discharge and painful urination, caused by the bacterium chlamydia trachomatis
Greek: "cloak"
176
gonorrhea
a sexually transmitted disease characterized by discharge from the gonads, caused the the bacterium Neisseria gonnorrhoeae
gono/rrhea (gonad/discharge)
177
herpes simplex virus (HSV)
a family of highly contagious viruses that affect mucous membranes and produce watery blisters that eventually scab over. HSV-1 affects the mouth and nose-"cold sore". HSV-2 affects the genital areas and is commonly called herpes/genital herpes.
178
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
a disease that compromises a patient's immune system leaving them open to other opportunistic infections. The late stage of this disease is referred to as AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome).
179
human papilloma virus (HPV)
a virus that can cause warts and precancerous lesions in genital areas
human papill/oma virus (nipple tumor)
180
syphilis
a sexually transmitted disease characterized at first by skin irritations then later developing into neurological and heart symptoms, caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum
181
trichomoniasis
a sexually transmitted disease characterized by genital itching, painful urination, and genital discharge, caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis
trichomon/iasis (trichomonas/presence of)
182
antispasmodic
a drug to prevent spasms
anti/spasmod/ic (against/involuntary contraction/pertaining to)
183
diuretic
agent that causes urination
di/uret/ic (through/urine/pertaining to)
184
spermicide
agent that kills sperm
spermi/cide (sperm/kill)
185
spermolytic
agent that kills sperm
spermo/lytic (sperm/breakdown agent)
186
nephrotoxin
agent poisonous to the kidney
nephro/toxin (kidney/poison)
187
cystectomy
surgical removal of the bladder
cyst/ectomy (bladder/removal)
188
cystolithectomy
surgical removal of a stone in the bladder
cysto/lith/ectomy (bladder/stone/removal)
189
cystostomy
creation of an opening in the bladder
cysto/stomy (bladder/opening)
190
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
breakdown of kidney stones using sound waves generated outside the body
extra/corpor/eal shock wave litho/tripsy (outside/body/pertaining to/shock wave/stone/weardown procedure
191
fulguration
use of electric current to destroy tissue
Latin: "lightning"
192
heminephrectomy
surgical removal of half a kidney
hemi/nephr/ectomy (half/kidney/removal)
193
heminephroureterectomy
surgical removal of half of a kidney and a ureter
hemi/nephro/ureter/ectomy (half/kidney/ureter/removal)
194
hemodialysis
procedure for removing waste from the blood stream
hemo/dia/lysis (blood/through/loose)
195
intracorporeal lithotripsy
breakdown of kidney stones using a device places inside the body
intra/corpore/eal litho/tripsy (inside/body/pertaining to/stone/wear down procedure)
196
kidney dialysis
procedure for removing waste from the blood (shorter name for hemodialysis)
197
laparonephrectomy
surgical removal of a kidney through the abdomen
198
lithectomy
surgical removal of a stone
199
lithocystotomy
incision into the bladder to remove a stone
200
lithonephrotomy
incision into a kidney to remove a stone
201
lithotripsy
breakdown of a stone
202
meatoplasty
surgical reconstruction of the opening of the urethra
203
meatorrhaphy
suture of the opening of the urethra
204
meatotomy
incision into the opening of the urethra
205
nephrectomy
surgical removal of a kidney through the abdomen
206
nephrocystanastomosis
opening of a passageway between a kidney and the bladder
nephro/cyst/ana/stom/osis (kidney/bladder/up/mouth/condition)
207
nephrolithotomy
incision into a kidney to remove a stone
208
nephropexy
surgical fixation of a kidney
209
nephrorrhaphy
suture of a kidney
210
nephrostomy
creation of an opening in a kidney
211
nephrotomy
incision into a kidney
212
nephroureterectomy
surgical removal of a kidney and ureter
213
pyelolithotomy
incision into a renal pelvis to remove a stone
214
pyeloplasty
surgical reconstruction of a renal pelvis
215
pyelostomy
creation of an opening in a renal pelvis
216
pyelotomy
incision into a renal pelvis
217
renal angioplasty
surgical reconstruction of a kidney blood vessel
218
ureteroileostomy
creation of an opening between a ureter and the ileum (a portion of the small intestine)
219
ureteronephrectomy
surgical removal of a kidney and ureter
220
ureteroplasty
surgical reconstruction of a ureter
221
ureterorrhaphy
suture of a ureter
222
urethrectomy
surgical removal of the urethra
223
urethropexy
surgical fixation of the urethra
224
urethroplasty
surgical reconstruction of the urethra
225
urethrotomy
incision into the urethra
226
urinary catheterization
insertion of a catheter into the bladder to drain urine
urin/ary catheter/ization (urine/pertaining to/catheter/procedure)
Greek: "to go inside"
227
urostomy
creation of an opening in the urinary tract, normally to divert urine flow away from a diseased bladder
228
vesicostomy
creation of an opening in the bladder
229
vesicotomy
incision into the bladder
230
balanoplasty
surgical reconstruction of the penis
231
circumcision
surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis
232
epididymectomy
surgical removal of the epididymis
233
epididymotomy
incision into the epididymis
234
hydrocelectomy
surgical removal of a hydrocele
hydro/cel/ectomy (water/hernia/removal)
235
orchidectomy
surgical removal of a testicle
236
orchidopexy
surgical fixation of a testicle
237
orchidotomy
incision into a testicle
238
orchiectomy
surgical removal of a testicle
239
orchiopexy
surgical fixation of a testicle
240
orchioplasty
surgical reconstruction of a testicle
241
prostatectomy
surgical removal of the prostate
242
prostatolithotomy
incision into the prostate to remove a stone
243
prostatovesiculectomy
surgical removal of the prostate and seminal vesicles
244
transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
procedure of removing all or part of the prostate by the insertion of a resectoscope into the urethra
245
vasectomy
surgical removal of the vas deferens
246
vasovasostomy
creation of an opening between two vessels; this is the technical term for a vasectomy reversal
247
vesiculectomy
surgical removal of the seminal vesicles
248
BUN
blood urea nitrogen
249
Bx
biopsy
250
cath
catheter
251
ESWL
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
252
HD
hemodialysis
253
I&O
intake and output
254
IVP
intravenous pyelogram
255
IVU
intravenous urogram
256
KUB
kidneys, ureters, bladder
257
OAB
overactive bladder
258
PKD
polycystic kidney disease
259
RP
retrograde pyelogram
260
SUI
stress urinary incontinence
261
UA
urinalysis
262
UTI
urinary tract infection
263
VCUG
voiding cystourethrogram
264
VUR
vesicoureteral reflux
265
AIDS
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
266
BPH
benign prostate hyperplasia
267
DRE
digital rectal exam
268
ED
erectile dysfunction
269
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
270
HPV
human papilloma virus
271
HSV
herpes simplex virus
272
PSA
prostate-specific antigen
273
STD/STI
sexually transmitted disease, sexually transmitted infection
274
TURP
transurethral resection of the prostate
