Ch. 7 Endocrine System Flashcards
(145 cards)
1
Q
aden/o
A
gland
2
Q
adren/o
adrenal/o
A
adrenal gland
3
Q
cortic/o
A
outer surface
4
Q
gonad/o
A
gonads (sex organs)
5
Q
pancreat/o
A
pancreas
6
Q
pituitar/o
hypophys/o
A
pituitary gland
7
Q
thym/o
A
thymus
8
Q
thyr/o
thyroid/o
A
thyroid
9
Q
gluc/o
glucose/o
glyc/o
A
sugar
10
Q
crin/o
A
to secrete
11
Q
hormon/o
A
hormone
12
Q
ket/o
A
ketone body
13
Q
-tropin
A
stimulating hormone
14
Q
-emia
A
blood condition
15
Q
-uria
A
urine condition
16
Q
adenalgia
A
pain in a gland
17
Q
adrenal virilism
A
development of male secondary sexual characteristics caused by excessive secretion of the adrenal gland
18
Q
adrenarche
A
beginning of adrenal secretion (at puberty)
19
Q
hirsutism
A
excessive growth of facial and body hair in women
20
Q
amenorrhea
A
lack of menstrual flow
21
Q
gynecomastia
A
development of breast tissue in males
22
Q
hypergonadism
A
condition in which there is excessive secretion of the sex glands
23
Q
hypogonadism
A
condition in which there is under secretion of the sex glands
24
Q
menarche
A
beginning or first menustration
25
thelarche
beginning of breast development
26
hypoglycemic
pertaining to low blood sugar
27
pancreatalgia
pain in the pancreas
28
polydipsia
excessive thirst
29
polyphagia
excessive eating
30
polyuria
excessive urination
31
acromegaly
abnormal enlargement of the extremities
32
galactorrhea
discharge of milk
33
pituitary dwarfism
abnormally short height caused by under secretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland
34
pituitary gigantism
abnormally tall height caused by over secretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland
35
exophthalmos
protrusion of the eyes out of the eye socket
36
goiter
swollen thyroid gland
37
thyrocele
another name for goiter
38
thryomegaly
enlargement of the thyroid
39
thyroptosis
downward displacement (drooping) of the thyroid
40
acidemia
abnormal acidity of the blood
41
alkalemia
abnormal alkalinity (opposite of acidity) of the blood
42
calciuria
calcium in the urine
43
chloremia
increased chloride in the blood
44
euglycemia
good blood sugar
45
glucosuria
sugar in the urine
46
hypercalcemia
excessive calcium in the blood
47
hyper cholesterolemnia
excessive cholesterol in the blood
48
hyperglycemia
high blood sugar
49
hyperkalemia
excessive potassium in the blood
50
hyperlipidemia
excessive fat in the blood
51
hypernatremia
excessive sodium in the blood
52
hyperphosphatemia
excessive phosphate in the blood
53
hypoglycemia
low blood sugar
54
ketonuria
ketone bodies in the urine
55
polyuria
excessive urination
56
uremia
presence of urinary waste in the blood
57
adrenaline
epinephrine
hormone secreted by the adrenal gland
58
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
hormone secreted by the pituitary gland
59
corticotropin
shorter name for ACTH
60
glucagon
hormone secreted by the pancreas that stimulates the liver to increase blood sugar levels
61
glucocorticoid
hormone produced by the adrenal cortex with a role in carbohydrate metabolism
62
gonadotropin
hormone that stimulates that gonads
63
insulin
hormone secreted by the pancreas that controls the metabolism and uptake of sugar and fats
64
thyrotropin
hormone that stimulates the thyroid
65
adenomegaly
abnormal enlargement of a gland
66
adrenomegaly
abnormal enlargement of the adrenal gland
67
euthyroid
normal functioning thyroid
68
gluconeogenesis
formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources
69
glycolysis
breakdown of sugar
70
glycopenia
deficiency of sugar
71
gonadogenesis
creation/development of gonads
72
metabolism
breakdown of matter into energy
73
endocrine
to secrete internally (i.e., into the blood stream)
74
endocrinologist
specialist in internal secretions
75
exocrine
to secrete externally (through ducts to the surface of an organ *sweat glands/salivary glands*)
76
glycemic index
ranking of food based on the way it affects sugar levels in the blood
77
ketogenesis
creation of ketone bodies
78
thyroid function tests
tests performed to evaluate the function of the thyroid
79
cholangiopancreatography
procedure used to examine the bile ducts and pancreas
80
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
procedure used to examine the bile ducts and pancreas in which an endoscope is passed backward from the digestive tract into the bile duct
81
adenitis
inflammation of a gland
82
adenopathy
gland disease
83
adenosis
gland condition
84
dysmetabolic syndrome
combination of medical disorders associated with faulty metabolism
85
ketosis
condition characterized by elevated levels of ketone bodies in the blood
86
polyadenopathy
disease involving many glands
87
adrenal insufficiency
condition in which the adrenal glands underproduce necessary hormones
88
adrenalitis
inflammation of the adrenal gland
89
adrenocortical insufficiency
condition in which the adrenal cortex underproduces necessary hormones
90
adrenocorticohyperplasia
overdevelopment of the cortex of the adrenal gland
91
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
genetic disease in which the adrenal gland is overdeveloped, resulting in a deficiency of certain hormones and an overproduction of others
92
diabetes mellitus
metabolic disease characterized by excessive urination and hyperglycemia
93
diabetic ketoacidosis
acidity of the blood caused by the presence of ketone bodies produced when the body is unable to burn sugar; thus, it must burn fat for energy
94
pancreatic pseudocyst
abnormally expanded area in the pancreas resembling a cyst
95
pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
96
pancreatolith
a stone in the pancreas
97
pancreatolithiasis
presence of a stone in the pancreas
98
hyperpituitarism
over functioning of the pituitary gland
99
hypophysitis
inflammation of the pituitary gland
100
hypopituitarism
condition caused by the under secretion of the pituitary gland
101
panhypopituitarism
defective or absent function of the entire pituitary gland
102
pituitary infarction
death of the pituitary gland
103
hyperparathyroidism
over production by the parathyroid glands
104
hyperthyroidism
under production by the thyroid
105
hypoparathyroidism
under production by the parathyroid
106
hypothyroidism
under production by the thyroid
107
thyroiditis
inflammation of the thyroid
108
thyrotoxicosis
condition caused by the exposure of body tissue to excessive levels of thyroid hormone (an extreme version is called "thyroid storm"
109
adenocarcinoma
cancerous tumor of a gland
110
adenoma
glandular tumor
111
adrenal adenoma
tumor of the adrenal gland
112
adrenocortical carcinoma
cancerous tumor originating in the cortex of the adrenal gland
113
insulinoma
tumor that secretes insulin (found in the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas)
114
parathyroidoma
tumor of the parathyroid
115
pituitary adenoma
tumor on the pituitary gland
116
thyoma
tumor of the thymus
117
continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion
continuous injection of insulin into the blood from a pump inserted under the skin
118
thyroidotoxin
substance poisonous to the thyroid gland
119
adenectomy
removal of a gland
120
ketogenic diet
diet that aids in the production of ketones in the body
121
thymectomy
removal of the thymus
122
adrenalectomy
removal of the adrenal gland
123
laparoscopic adrenalectomy
removal of an adrenal gland by means of laparoscope (instrument inserted into the abdomen for viewing)
124
pancreatectomy
removal of the pancreas
125
pancreatolithectomy
removal of a stone in the pancreas
126
hypophysectomy
removal of the pituitary gland
127
parathyroidectomy
removal of the parathyroid
128
thyroidectomy
removal of the thyroid
129
thyroidotomy
incision into the thyroid
130
thyroparathyroidectomy
removal of the thyroid and parathyroid glands
131
ACTH
adrenocorticotropic hormone
132
BS
blood sugar
133
CGM
continuous glucose monitor
134
DI
diabetes insipidus
135
DM
diabetes mellitus
136
ERCP
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
137
FBS
fasting blood sugar
138
GDM
gestational diabetes mellitus
139
GH
growth hormone
140
GTT
glucose tolerance test
141
HgA1C
hemoglobin A1C test (used by patients with diabetes to monitor blood sugar levels)
142
HRT
hormone replacement therapy
143
TFT
thyroid function test
144
TSH
thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin)
145
T3
triiodothyronine (one of the two primary hormones produced by the thyroid)
