The Nervous System Ch.5 Flashcards
(208 cards)
1
Q
cerebr/o
encephala/o
A
brain
ex: cerebropathy, encephalitis
2
Q
cerebell/o
A
cerebellum
(refers to the region of the brain that controls voluntary movements and looks somewhat like a little version of the whole brain)
ex: cerebellar
3
Q
lob/o
A
lobe
ex: lobotomy
4
Q
cephal/o
A
head
ex: microcephaly
5
Q
crani/o
A
head, skull
ex: craniometer
6
Q
mening/o
meningi/o
A
meninges (membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord?
ex: meningitis
7
Q
dur/o
A
dura (the tough outer membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord)
ex: epidural
8
Q
neur/o
A
nerve
ex: neuropathy
9
Q
gangli/o
A
nerve bundle
ex: ganglion
10
Q
myel/o
A
spinal cord, bone marrow
ex: myelitis
11
Q
esthesi/o
A
feeling, sensation
ex: anesthesia
12
Q
phas/o
A
speech
ex: aphasia
13
Q
phren/o
psych/o
A
mind
ex: phrenetic, psychology
14
Q
somn/o
somn/i
hypn/o
A
sleep
ex: insomnia, hypnosis
15
Q
-mania
A
excessive desire
ex: pyromania, kleptomania
16
Q
-phobia
A
excessive fear or sensitivity
ex: phobophobia
17
Q
-paresis
A
slight or partial paralysis
ex: hemiparesis
18
Q
ton/o
A
muscle tone, tension, pressure
ex: dystonia
19
Q
tax/o
A
arrangement, order, coordination
ex: ataxia
20
Q
-plegia
A
paralysis
ex: quadriplegia
21
Q
-asthenia
A
weakness
ex: myasthenia
22
Q
aphasia
A
inability to speak
23
Q
ataxia
A
lack of coordination
24
Q
catatonia
A
condition characterized by reduced muscle tone
25
delirium
brief loss of mental function
26
dementia
loss/decline in mental function
27
dyskinesia
difficulty moving
28
dyslexia
difficulty reading
29
dysphasia
difficulty speaking
30
dystonia
condition characterized by involuntary muscle movements
31
insomnia
inability to sleep
32
myoclonus
muscle twitching
33
myospasm
involuntary muscle contraction
34
neurasthenia
nerve weakness
35
somnambulism
sleep walking
36
syncope
fainting; losing consciousness due to temporary loss of blood flow to brain
37
cephalagia
cephalodynia
head pain
38
encephalagia
brain pain
39
neuralgia
neurodynia
nerve pain
40
hemiparesis
partial paralysis on half the body
41
hemiplegia
paralysis on half the body
42
monoparesis
partial paralysis of one limb
43
monoplegia
paralysis of one limb
44
paralysis
complete loss of sensation and motor function
45
paresis
partial paralysis characterized by varying degrees of sensation and motor function
46
casualgia
painful sensation of burning
47
dysesthesia
bad feeling
48
hyperesthesia
increased sensation
49
parethesia
abnormal sensation (usually numbness or tingling in the skin)
50
pseudoesthesia
false sensation
51
synesthesia
condition where one sensation is experienced as another
52
acrophobia
fear of heights
53
agoraphobia
fear of outdoor spaces
54
hydrophobia
fear of water
55
kleptomania
desire to steal
56
photophobia
excessive sensitivity to light
57
pyromania
desire to set fire
58
echocephalography
procedure used to examine the brain using sound waves
59
electroencephalography (EEG)
procedure used to examine the electrical activity of the brain
60
lumbar puncture (LP)
inserting a needle into the lumbar region of the spine in order to collect spinal fluid, commonly called a spinal tap
61
cerebral angiography
procedure used to examine blood vessels in the brain
62
magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)
procedure used to examine blood vessels
63
myelogram
image of the spinal cord, usually done using x-ray
64
positron emission tomography (PET) scan
an imaging procedure that uses radiation (positrons) to produce cross sections of the brain
65
transcranial doppler sonography
an imaging technique that produces an image of the brain using sound waves sent through the skull
66
cerebellitis
inflammation of the cerebellum
67
cerebral atrophy
wasting away of brain tissue
68
duritis
inflammation of the dura
69
encephalocele
hernia of the brain (normally through a defect in the skull)
70
hematoma
a tumorlike mass made up of blood
71
cranial hematoma
a hematoma beneath the skull
72
epidural hematoma
a hematoma located on top of the dura
73
intracerebral hematoma
a hematoma located inside the brain
74
subdural hematoma
a hematoma located beneath the dura
75
macrocephaly
abnormally large head
76
microcephaly
abnormally small head
77
meningocele
a hernia of the meninges
78
myelocele
a hernia of the spinal cord
79
myelomalacia
abnormal softening of the spinal cord
80
myelomeningocele
a hernia of the spinal cord and meninges
81
neuritis
nerve inflammation
82
neuroma
a nerve tumor
83
neurosclerosis
hardening of nerves
84
polyneuritis
inflammation of multiple nerves
85
agnosia
inability to comprehend
86
apathy
lack of emotion
87
hyperkinesia
increase in muscle movement or activity
88
neurasthenia
nerve weakness
89
neuroglycopenia
deficiency of sugar that interferes with normal brain activity
90
nystagmus
involuntary back and forth eye movements
91
prosopagnosia
inability to recognize faces
92
anesthesiologist
doctor who specializes in anesthesiology
93
afferent nerve
a nerve that carries impulses toward the central nervous system
94
efferent nerve
a nerve that carries impulses away from the central nervous system
95
neurogenic
originating from/created by nerves
96
psychiatrist
doctor who specializes in the treatment of the mind
97
psychiatry
branch of medicine that focuses on the treatment of the mind
98
pyschogenic
originating in/created by the mind
99
psychologist
doctor who specializes in the study of the mind
100
psychology
branch of medicine that focuses on the study of the mind
101
psychosomatic
pertaining to the relationship between the body and the mind
102
idiopathic
having no known cause or origin
103
interictal
time between seizures
104
postictal
time after a seizure
105
preictal
time before a seizure
106
tonic
pertaining to muscle tone (normally weak or unresponsive)
107
clonus
muscle spasm or twitching
108
tonic-clonic seizure
a seizure characterized by both a tonic and clonic phase
109
cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
an accident involving the blood vessels of the brain
110
stroke
loss of brain function caused by interruption of blood flow/supply to the brain
111
hemorrhagic stroke
a stroke where the blood loss is caused by the rupture of a blood vessel
112
ischemic stroke
a stroke where the blood loss is caused by a blockage
113
transient ischemic attack (TIA)
a "mini-stroke" caused by the blockage of a blood vessel, which resolves (goes away) within 24 hours
114
cerebrovascular disease
a disease of the blood vessels of the brain
115
cerebral aneurysm
the widening or abnormal dilation of a blood vessel in the brain
116
cerebral arteriosclerosis
the hardening of an artery in the brain
117
cerebral atherosclerosis
the hardening of an artery in the brain caused by the buildup of fatty plaque
118
cerebral embolism
the blockage of a blood vessel in the brain caused by a foreign object (embolus) such as fat or bacteria
119
craniomalacia
abnormal softening of the skull
120
craniosclerosis
abnormal hardening of the skull
121
craniostenosis
abnormal narrowing of the skull
122
craniosynostosis
premature fusing of the skull bones
123
hydrocephaly
abnormal accumulation of spinal fluid in the brain
124
astrocytoma
a tumor arising from astrocyte glial cells
125
ganglioma
ganglion tumor
126
glioblastoma
a brain tumor arising from glioblast cells
127
meningioma
tumor of the meninges
128
cerebellitis
inflammation of the cerebellum
129
cerebromeningitis
inflammation of the brain and meninges
130
encephalitis
inflammation of the brain
131
encephalomyelitis
inflammation of the brain and spinal cord
132
encephalomyeloneuropathy
disease of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves
133
encephalopathy
disease of the brain
134
encephalopyosis
a pus-filled abscess in the brain
135
gangliitis
inflammation of a ganglion
136
intracerebral hemorrhage
excessive bleeding inside the brain
137
meningopathy
disease of the meninges
138
meningitis
inflammation of the meninges
139
meningoencephalitis
inflammation of the meninges and brain
140
myelitis
inflammation of the spinal cord
141
myelodysplasia
defective formation of the spinal cord
142
myelopathy
disease of the spinal cord
143
neuroarthropathy
disease of the joint associated with nerves
144
neuroencephalomyelopathy
disease of the nerves, brain, and spinal cord
145
neuropathy
disease of the nervous system
146
poliomyelitis
inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord
147
polyneuropathy
disease affecting multiple nerves
148
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
a degenerative disease of the central nervous system causing loss of muscle control.
149
anorexia
an eating disorder characterized by the patient's restricting food or refusing to eat
150
autism
a psychiatric disorder characterized by difficulties in social communication and interaction, as well as repetitive and/or restrictive patterns of behavior or interests. The term originated in the mistaken idea that the patient was focused only on the self.
151
bulimia
an eating disorder characterized by overeating and usually followed by forced purging or getting rid of food
152
cerebral palsy
paralysis caused by damage to the area of the brain responsible for movement
153
dysphoria
a negative emotional state
154
epilepsy
a disease marked by seizures
155
euphoria
a positive emotional state
156
hypomania
a mental state just below mania
157
manic depression (bipolar disorder)
a psychiatric disorder characterized by alternating bouts of excitement and depression
158
myasthenia
muscle weakness
159
narcolepsy
a disease characterized by sudden, uncontrolled sleepiness
160
psychopathy
a mental illness
161
schizophrenia
a mental illness characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and disordered speech
162
neurosis
a nerve condition
163
psychosis
a mind condition
164
anesthetic
a drug that causes loss of sensation
165
general anesthetic
anesthetic that causes complete loss of consciousness
166
regional anesthetic
anesthetic that is injected into a nerve causing loss of sensation over a particular area
167
topical anesthetic
local anesthesia applied to the surface of the area to be anesthetized
168
epidural anesthetic
anesthetic applied in the dural region of the spinal cord
169
analgesic
a drug that relieves pain
170
anticonvulsant
a drug that opposes convulsions
171
antidepressant
a drug that opposes depression
172
antipsychotic
a drug that opposes psychoses
173
anxiolytic
a drug that lessens anxiety
174
hynotic
a drug that aids sleep
175
neuropharmacology
the study of the effects of drugs on the nervous system
176
psychopharmacology
the study of the effects of drugs on the mental processes
177
pyschotropic
drugs that are able to turn the mind
178
thrombolytic
a drug that dissolves clots
179
cerebrotomy
incision into the brain
180
chemotherapy
treatment using chemicals
181
craniectomy
removal of a piece of the skull
182
craniotomy
incision into the skull
183
endarterectomy
removal of the inside of an artery
184
endovascular neurosurgery
surgery on the nervous system performed by entering the body through blood vessels
185
lobectomy
removal of a lobe
186
lobotomy
incision into a lobe
187
neurectomy
removal of a nerve
188
neurolysis
destruction of nerve tissue (lysis-loose)
189
neuroplasty
reconstruction of a nerve
190
neurorrhaphy
suturing of a nerve (often the severed ends of a nerve)
191
neurotomy
incision into a nerve
192
ADHD
attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
193
ALS
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's disease)
194
CNS
central nervous system
195
CP
cerebral palsy
196
CSF
cerebrospinal fluid
197
CVA
cerebrovascular accident
198
EEG
electroencephalogram
199
EMG
electromyogram
200
ICP
intracranial pressure
201
LOC
level of consciousness
202
LP
lumbar puncture
203
MRA
magnetic resonance angiography
204
MS
multiple sclerosis
205
OCD
obsessive compulsive disorder
206
PET
positron emission tomography
207
PNS
peripheral nervous system
208
TIA
transient ischemic attack
