Ch 13 Brain and Cranial Nerves Flashcards
(101 cards)
1
Q
name the cranial nerves
A
olfactory optic oculomotor trochlear trigeminal abducens facial vestibulococchlear glossopharyngeal vagus spinal accessory hypoglossal
2
Q
what is the brainstem responsible for?
A
connects spinal cord to brain
integrates reflexes necessary for survival
3
Q
what is the cerebellum responsible for?
A
involved in control of locomotion, balance and posture
4
Q
what are the various thalamuses
A
thalamus, subthalamus, epithalamus, hypothalamus
5
Q
what is the cerebrum responsible for?
A
conscious thought, control
6
Q
which part of the brain connects the spinal cord to the brain?
A
brainstem
7
Q
which part of the brain integrates reflexes necessary for survival?
A
brainstem
8
Q
which part of the brain is involved in control of locomotion, balance, posture
A
cerebellum
9
Q
which part of the brain is responsible for conscious thought and control?
A
cerebrum
10
Q
what part of the PNS arises directly from the brain?
A
cranial nerves
11
Q
how many pairs of cranial nerves arise from the cerebrum?
A
2 pairs
olfactory, optic
12
Q
how many pairs of cranial nerves arise from the brainstem?
A
10 pairs (everything but olfactory and optic)
13
Q
what is the function of the medulla oblongata?
A
responsible for regulation of: HR, bl vessel diameter, respiration, swallowing, vomiting, hiccuping, coughing and sneezing
14
Q
which cranial nerves radiate from medulla oblongata?
A
V, IX-XII
15
Q
what is the pons nuclei responible for?
A
relay between cerebrum and cerebellum
sleep center
respiratory center coordinates with center in medulla
16
Q
which cranial nerves are the pons nuclei responsible for?
A
V-IX
17
Q
which part of the brain is responsible for regulation of fn critical to life (HR, blood vessel diameter, respiration, vomiting, sneezing)
A
medulla oblongata
18
Q
which part of the brainstem is the nuclei of cranial nerves V, IX-XII?
A
medulla oblongata
19
Q
what are the parts of the brainstem?
A
medulla oblongtata
pons
midbrain
20
Q
which part of the brainstem is the nuclei of cranial nerves V-IX?
A
pons
21
Q
which part of the brain is the relay between cerebrum and cerebellum?
A
pons
22
Q
which part of the brain is the sleep center?
A
pons
23
Q
what part of the brain coordinates with the respiratory center of the medulla?
A
pons
24
Q
what is the pons nuclei?
A
areas of nerve cell bodies in the pons
25
what is the midbrain nuclei?
areas of nerve cell bodies in the midbrain
26
what is a nuclei?
areas of nerve cell bodies in the CNS
27
the midbrain is the nuclei of which cranial nerves?
III-V
28
where is the corpora quadrigemina located?
midbrain
29
what are the subdivisions of the corpora quadrigemina?
2 superior colliculi
| 2 inferior colliculi
30
what is the superior colliculi involved in?
involved in visual reflexes
receives info from inferior colliculi
receives info from eyes, skin and cerebrum
31
what is the inferior colliculi involved in?
hearing
32
which part of the brain are the superior and inferior colliculi part of?
midbrain
33
what part of the brain is involved in visual reflexes, receives information from the eyes, skin and cerebrum?
superior colliculi
34
what part of the brain is involved in hearing?
inferior colliculi
35
describe the make-up of the cerebellum
gray cortex and nuclei with white matter in between
36
the cerebellar cortex is folded in ridges called
folia
37
the white matter of the cerebellum resembles a ____ so it is named_______
tree
| arbor vitae
38
what are the cerebellar functions?
balance and eye movements
posture, locomotion, fine motor coordination
works with cerebrum to plan, practice, learn complex movements
39
what part of the brain is responsible for balance and eye movements?
cerebellum
40
what part of the brain is responsible for posture, locomotion, fine motor coordination?
cerebellum
41
what part of the brain works with the cerebrum to plan, practice and learn complex movements?
cerebellum
42
what functions is the thalamus responsible for?
sensory info from spinal cord synapses here before projecting to cerebrum
motor fn
mood modification
emotion regulation
43
what type of sensory info from the spinal cord synapses at the thalamus before projecting to the cerebrum?
```
conscious things like:
auditory, visual other sensory info
the urge to urinate
hunger
unconscious things like:
monitoring CO2 levels
BP
bl gl
```
44
what part of the brain is the synapse for sensory info before projecting into the cerebelum?
thalamus
45
what part of the brain is responsible for motor function, mood modification and emotion regulation?
thalamus
46
which part of the brain is responsible for monitoring CO2 levels, BP and Bl Gl?
thalamus
47
where are the mammilary bodies located?
hypothalamus
48
what is the fn of the mammilary bodies?
olfactory reflexes and emotional responses to odors
49
where is the infundibulum located?
hypothalamus/posterior pituitary
50
what is the fn of the infundibulum?
connection to posterior pituitary
51
from where does the hypothalamus receive input?
viscera, taste receptors, nipples, external genitalia
52
efferent fibers from the hypothalamus connect to where?
brainstem and spinal cord (autonomic NS)
posterior pituitary through infundibulum
cranial nerves that control swallowing and shivering
53
what is the hypothalamus responsible for regulating?
mood, emotion, sexual pleasure, satiation, rage, fear
54
which part of the brain is responsible for receiving input from viscera, taste receptors, nipples and external genitalia
hypothalamus
55
which part of the brain contains efferent fibers that travel to the brainstem and spinal cord, posterior pituitary, cranial nerves that control swallowing and shivering
hypothalamus
56
which part of the brain regulates mood, emotion, sexual pleasure, satiation, rage and fear
hypothalamus
57
which is the largest portion of the brain?
cerebrum
58
what are the subdivisions of the cerebrum?
right/left hemispheres
| frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal lobes
59
what is the cerebral cortex?
the outer surface of the cerebrum
60
what are the gyri and sulci?
folds and depressions of the cerebellar cortex
61
what is the medulla in the cerebrum?
the center of the cerebrum
62
what is the nuclei of the cerebrum?
gray matter within the medulla
63
what is the outer surface of the cerebrum called?
the cortex
64
what are the folds of the cerebrum called? the depressions?
gyri
| sulci
65
what is the center of the cerebrum called?
medulla
66
what is the gray matter within the medulla called?
nuclei of the cerebrum
67
what is the frontal lobe responsible for?
voluntary motor fn, motivation, agression, sense of smell, mood
68
what is the parietal lobe responsible for?
reception and evaluation of sensory information except for smell, hearing and vision
69
what is the occipital lobe responsible for?
reception and integration of visual input
70
what is the temporal lobe responsible for?
reception and evaluation of smell, hearing
memory
abstract thought
judgement
71
what is the medulla responsible for?
white matter between the cortex and nuclei makes up "tracts" (bundles of axons going in the same direction "super highways")
72
what part of the brain is responsible for voluntary motor fn?
frontal lobe of cerebrum
73
what part of the brain is responsible for motivation, agression, sense of smell, mood?
frontal lobe of cerebrum
74
what part of the brain is responsible for the reception and evaluation of sensory information except for smell, hearing and vision?
parietal lobe of the cerebrum
75
what part of the brain is responsible for the reception and integration of visual input
occipital lobe of the cerebrum
76
which part of the brain is responsible for reception and evaluation of smell and hearing?
temporal lobe of the cerebrum
77
which part of the brain is responsible for memory, abstract thought and judgement?
temporal lobe of the cerebrum
78
what separates the lateral ventricles?
septa pellucida
79
where are the lateral ventricles located?
with cerebral hemispheres
80
what is the interventricular foramina
it joins the lateral ventricles with the third ventricle
81
what joins the lateral ventricles to the third ventircle
interventricular foramina
82
what structure is the fourth ventricle associated with?
pons and medulla oblongata
83
what connects the third and fourth ventricle
cerebral aquaduct
84
what bodily fluid is CSF most like?
serum, but most protein removed
85
what bathes the brain and spinal cord?
cerebrospinal fluid
86
what is a function of CSF?
protective cushion around CNS
87
what produces the CSF?
choroid plexus
88
what is the choroid plexus made of?
ependymal cells and associated bl vessels
89
what is the blood-CSF barrier made of?
endothelial cells of capillaries attached by tight junctions
90
how do substances move through the blood-CSF barrier?
they cannot pass between cells (because of tight junctions) and must pass through cells
91
what makes the blood-CSF barrier so selective?
bc of tight junctions, substances cannot pass between cells, can only pass through cells
92
what type of glial cells incluence capillary permeability?
astrocytes (their foot processes)
93
how do lipid soluble substances pass through the blood-brain barrier?
by diffusion
94
what are some examples of lipid soluble substances that pass through the blood-brain barrier?
nicotine, ETOH, heroin
95
how do water soluble substances pass through the blood-brain barrier?
by mediated transport
96
what are some water soluble substances that pass through the blood brain barrier?
glucose, amino acids
97
what is the mnemonic for type of cranial nerve?
sally sells many mangoes but my brother sells bigger, better, mega mangoes
98
which cranial nerves have somatic motor, sensory and parasympathetic functions
facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus
99
which cranial nerve has somatic motor and parasympathetic fn?
oculomotor
100
facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus cranial nerves have what fn?
somatic motor, sensory and parasympathetic
101
ocolomotor cranial nerve has what fn?
somatic motor and parasympathetic
