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A&P 1141 > Ch. 14 Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Ch. 14 Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

This is an involuntary system of motor neurons that innervate smooth and cardiac muscles and glands. It is divided into 2 opposing systems.

A

Autonomic Nervous System

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2
Q

The ANS uses 2-neuron chain to activate ______.

A

Effectors (muscles and glands)

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3
Q

ANS has many ganglia in the PNS.

A

Preganglionic vs. postganglionic

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4
Q

What are the 2 neurotransmitters used by the ANS?

A
  1. Norepinephrine (NE)- sympathetic division

2. Acetylcholine (ACh)- parasympathetic division

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5
Q

Most visceral organs receive innervation from?

A

Both the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the ANS

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6
Q

This division of the ANS is the “resting and digesting” division. It keeps energy use low. Maintains homeostasis.

A

Parasympathetic Division

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7
Q

This division of the ANS is the “fight or flight” division which mobilized energy use. Mobilizes energy use for skeletal muscles.

A

Sympathetic Division

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8
Q

What are the cranial nerve outputs for the parasympathetic division?

A

Oculomotor (III)
Facial (VII)
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Vagus (X)

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9
Q

What are the sacral nerve outputs for the parasympathetic division?

A

S2-S4– pelvic splanchnic nerves

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10
Q

Which ganglion and glands are associated with the oculomotor outputs?

A

Ciliary ganglion

Smooth muscle of the eye

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11
Q

Which ganglion and glands are associated with the facial nerve outputs?

A
  1. Pterygopalatine ganglion innervates-
    Lacrimal gland
  2. Submandibular ganglion innervates-
    Salivary glands
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12
Q

Which ganglion and glands are associated with the glossopharyngeal outputs?

A

Optic ganglion innervates-

Salivary gland

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13
Q

Which parts of the body are associated with the vagus nerve output?

A 
Heart
Lungs
Liver
Gallbladder
Stomach
Pancreas
Large and small intestine
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14
Q

Which plexuses are part of the vagus output?

A 
Cardiac
Pulmonary
Esophageal
Aortic
Right and left vagus trunks
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15
Q

Which plexuses and parts of the body are associated with the sacral outputs?

A

Inferior hypogastric plexus
Distal half of the large intestines
Bladder and genitalia

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16
Q

Which spinal nerve output is associated with the sympathetic division?

A

T1-L2

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17
Q

_______ sympathetic neurons reside in lateral horn of the spinal cord.

A

Preganglionic

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18
Q

Preganglion send axons out by the ventral horn and form what?

A

White ramus communicans

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19
Q

Axons enter the _____ trunk ganglion and the white ramus join together to form this trunk.

A

Sympathetic

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20
Q

Each sympathetic trunk ganglion has _____ ganglia on each side (paravertebral).

A

23

On each side

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21
Q

Axons can synapse with ganglionic neurons, ascend or descend to other ganglia or _____ the trunk?

A

Leave

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22
Q

These axons leave the trunk and will synapse in collateral or prevertebral ganglia. Contribute to the innervation of the internal organs.

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A

Splanchnic nerves

23
Q

What are the axons that synapse in trunk ganglia?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. White ramus communicans

2. Gray ramus communicans

24
Q

These are axons from spinal cord lateral horn neurons and are myelinated.

Study These Flashcards
A

White ramus communicans

25
These axons are from trunk ganglion neurons and are unmyelinated.
Gray ramus communicans
26
Sympathetic trunk ganglia innervate which two parts of the body?
1. Head- dilates eyes, inhibits salivary glands, sends branches to the heart 2. Thorax- heart and mostly skin
27
The parasympathetic division is also known as what?
Craniosacral division
28
The sympathetic division is also known as what?
Thoracolumbar division
29
The parasympathetic division has ____ preganglion and _____ post ganglion.
Long | Short
30
The sympathetic division has ____ preganglion and ____ postganglion.
Short | Long
31
Sympathetic collateral ganglia innervate which 3 parts of the body?
1. Abdomen- thoracic splanchnic nerves -stomach, intestines, liver, spleen 2. Pelvis- lumbar and sacral splanchnic nerves- lrg intestine, bladder, genitalia 3. Adrenal gland- secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
32
What are the 2 types of visceral reflexes?
1. Somatic spinal reflexes- 2-4 neurons | 2. Visceral reflexes- at least 3 neurons
33
This is when visceral pain afferents travel along the same nerve fibers as somatic pain fibers. His visceral pain “feels” like somatic pain or pain from the skin area.
Referred pain
34
Autonomic Nervous System has ____ and _____ fibers? These are receptors to neurotransmitters.
Cholinergic | Adrenergic
35
All ANS preganglionic fibers release ____.
ACh
36
All parasympathetic postganglionic fibers release____.
ACh
37
All sympathetic postganglionic fibers release _____.
Norepinephrine
38
What are the 2 types of cholinergic receptors?
1. Nicotinic receptors | 2. Muscarinic receptors
39
These cholinergic receptors are ion channels that change the membrane potential. They are found in all ganglionic neurons and adrenal cells at the neuromuscular junctions.
Nicotinic receptors
40
These cholinergic receptors are G protein couples receptors that respond more slowly but with longer lasting effects. They are found on effector cells.
Muscarinic
41
What are the 2 types of adrenergic receptors?
1. Alpha (alpha 1 and 2) | 2. Beta (beta 1, 2 and 3)
42
Norepinephrine and epinephrine can be _____ or _____ depending on receptor subtypes.
Excitatory | Inhibitory
43
The autonomic divisions are _____. They are opposite each other. Whichever one turns on the other turns off.
Antagonistic
44
This is the preferred tone for the heart and smooth muscle of the digestive and urinary tracts. It is localized and short lived.
Parasympathetic tone
45
This is the tone for blood vessels only. The alpha blockers treat hypertension. It is diffuse (effects the whole body) and is long lived.
Sympathetic or vasomotor tone
46
Parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions are stimulatory together in cooperative tone which stimulates what?
External genitalia
47
This is the main control and integration center of the ANS.
Hypothalamus
48
This is the main control of the cardiac and vasomotor centers of the ANS. Reticular formation exerts direct control.
Brainstem
49
The spinal cord is the main ANS control of what?
Defecation and micturation
50
This influences the ANS often through emotional responses.
Cortex
51
What do we call the 2 neurons in most ANS pathways?
Central motor neurons- preganglion-myelinated | Peripheral motor neurons- postganglion- unmyelinated
52
Which ANS fibers are cholinergic?
Parasympathetic postganglionic fibers
53
Which ANS fibers are adrenergic?
Sympathetic postganglionic fibers
54
How do the functions of the 2 divisions differ?
Parasympathetic is localized and short lived. | Sympathetic is diffuse- while body effects and is long lived.

A&P 1141 (15 decks)

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