Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

A&P 1141 > Ch.11 Fundamentals of Nervous System and Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Ch.11 Fundamentals of Nervous System and Nervous Tissue Flashcards

(93 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the functions of the nervous system?

A
  1. Gather information
  2. Process ad interpret information
  3. Respond to information
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Nervous system only really deals with what?

A

Muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The nervous system is organized based on what 2 locations?

A
  1. Central Nervous System (95% of nervous tissue)

2. Peripheral nervous system (5%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 2 functions of PNS?

A

Sensory and motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Integration/interpretation of information only occurs where?

A

CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Afferent means?

A

Bringing something to the CNS from PNS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Efferent means?

A

Going out to muscles and glands of the body from CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Motor system is divided again into what 2 systems?

A

Somatic nervous system- skeletal muscles-voluntary

Autonomic Nervous System- involuntary muscles and glands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Autonomic is divided into what 2 systems?

A
  1. Sympathetic Division- fight or flight– help supply the skeletal muscles with the chemicals needed to perform task
  2. Parasympathetic Division- resting and digesting. keep us running smoothly without much energy use. Sleep uses a lot of this division.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the two types of nervous system cells?

A
  1. neurons

2. (neuroglia)-glia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Neurons are the main functional cells what is their job>

A

Transmit information throughout the nervous system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Glia are supportive their job is to…

A

protect and watch over the neurons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 6 types of Glia?

A
  1. Astrocytes
  2. Microglia
  3. Ependymal Cells
  4. Oligodendtocytes
  5. Satelitte cells
  6. Schwann Cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which of the 6 types of Glia are part of the CNS?

A
  1. Astrocytes
  2. Microglia
  3. Ependymal Cells
  4. Oligodendtocytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which of the 6 types of GLia are part of the PNS?

A
  1. Satelitte cells

6. Schwann Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

This is the most abundant glia in the CNS that supports and braces neurons. It lines blood capillaries. Blood brain barrier.

A

Astrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

This glia is part of the CNS and monitors health of neurons. Serve as immune system of the CNS. Immune cells outside CNS have the tendency to be over active.

A

Microglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

This type of glia is part of the CNS lines central cavities of the brain and spinal cord. It circulates CSF throughout the CNS.

A

Ependymal Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

This type of Glia is part of the CNA and wraps around thicker axons to create insulating myelin sheaths.

A

Oligodendrytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

This type of Glia is part of the PNS and surrounds neuron cell bodies (nucleus). Sort of the astrocytes on the outside.

A

Satellite Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

This type of Glia is part of the PNS and forms myelin sheath.
Equivalent to the oligocendrocytes.

A

Schwann Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the 4 characteristics that define a neuron?

A
  1. Conduct electrical impulses
  2. Extreme longevity
  3. Amiotic
  4. High Metabolic Rates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the anatomy of the neuron?

A

Complex cell with a cell body and 1 or more processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the cell body of a neuron called? Describe it.

A

Soma.

Contain all the normal organelles of a cell except for cenrioles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
The rough ER of a neuron cell body is called?
Nissl Bodies
26
There are many microtubles and neurofilaments in a neuron cell why?
To support the shape and stability, to transport along the processes.
27
Clusters of cell bodies in CNS are ____. | Clusters of cell bodies in the PNS are ___.
Nuclei | Ganglia
28
These are arm like projections from neuron cell body.
Processes
29
Bundles of processes in the CNS are called ____. | Bundles of processes in the PNS are called _____.
Tracts | Nerves
30
What are the 2 types of processes?
Dendrites | Axons
31
These are short, tapering, branch like extensions almost like tree branches. They serve as the major receptive or input areas of the neuron because of their immense surface area.
Dendrites
32
Motor neurons have 100's of _____.
dendrites
33
These are thorn like projections from dendrites.
dendritic spines.
34
Dendrites conduct information to cell body by ____ ____. (not action potentials)
Graded potentials
35
These are long threadlike part of a nerve cell along which impulses are conducted from the cell body to other cells
Axons
36
There are only ___ axons per neuron.
1
37
Axons extend from where?
Axon hillock
38
Axons are uniform in width until the ___ ___.
Terminal branches
39
Long axons are called what in the PNS?
Nerve Fibers
40
Axons can branch and end in 1000's of ___ ____.
Terminal branches
41
What is the branch of an axon called?
Axon collaterals.
42
What is the end of the axon branch called?
Terminal Branch or synaptic boutons
43
This is the conducting region of the neuron. It generates nerve impulses (action potentials) and transmits them away from cell body to the axon terminal to the next neuron.
Axons
44
The axon terminal is also the ____ region of the neuron. When impulse reaches terminal neurotransmitters are released to excite or inhibit the next cell.
secretory
45
These are many long or large axons coated with a white fatty segmented covering called what?
Myelin sheath
46
Myelin protects and insulates ____ increasing the speed of transmission.
axons
47
This is the portion of Schwann cell containing nucleus and most of cytoplasm, on the outside surface of myelin sheath.
Neurilemma
48
These are the gaps between Schwann cells where the axon is exposed.
Node of Ranvier
49
In the CNS all the myelin is packed together is called
White Matter
50
Lots of cell bodies and dendrites, un-myelinated dendrites in the CNS is called.
Grey Matter
51
What are the 3 structural classifications of neurons?
1. Multipolar 2. Bipolar 3. Unipolar
52
What are the 3 functional classifications of neurons?
1. Sensory (Afferent) 2. Motor (Efferent) 3. Interneuron or association neuron
53
This is a branch of physiology and neuroscience that is concerned with the study of the functioning of the nervous system.
Neurophysiology
54
When stimulated neurons generate ____ ____ (action potential) that travel the length of the axon.
electrical impulses
55
The action potential is always the ____ no matter what stimulus started it.
same
56
Opposite electrical charges attract in the body ____ is required to keep them separate. When opposite charges come together energy is released.
energy
57
This is the measure of potential energy caused by the separation of electrically charged particles.
Voltage
58
This is the difference in voltage between 2 points.
Potential
59
This is the flow of electrical charge from one point to another.
Current
60
This is a hinderance to charge flow.
Resistance
61
What is Ohms Law?
current=voltage/resistance
62
Electrical currents in the body are the movement of ___.
Ions
63
Stored energy that can be used to do work.
Potential energy
64
Cells of the body can move ions to seperate ____ and ____ charges.
positive | negative
65
This has many large proteins that serve as channels for ions to enter and leave the cell.
Membrane Ion Channels
66
Most Membrance Ion Channels are "gated" which means what?
They are blocked and waiting for the right "key" or signal.
67
These Membrane Ion Channels require a chemical "key".
Ligand-Gated Channel
68
These Membrane Ion Channels require Changes in membrane potential.
Voltage Gated Channels
69
These Membrane Ion Channels require physical deformation (touch and pressure receptors).
Mechanically Gated Channels
70
These Membrane Ion Channels are always open.
Leakage Channels
71
Ions move along concentration and electrical gradients ( electrochemical gradients)
Voltage Gated Ion Channels
72
Movement of ions creates what?
electrical current
73
The inside of the neuron is more negative than the outside.
Resting membrane potential.
74
What is the membrane potential of a neuron at rest?
-70mV
75
Membrane is impermeable to large anionic molecules (A-). _____ is most important for generating resting membrane potential.
Potassium (K+)
76
How can membrane potential be altered?
- Change the permeability or movement of Ions across the membrane. - Change ion concentration
77
What are the two types of membrane potential signals?
1. Graded potentials | 2. Action potentials
78
These are incoming signals that are a short distance.
Graded potenitals.
79
What are the 2 types of graded potential?
1. Depolarization | 2. Hyperpolarization
80
This is where the membrane becomes more positive than at rest and increases the chance of nerve impulse.
Depolarization
81
This is where the membrane becomes more negative than at rest and decreases the chance of a nerve impulse.
Hyperpolarization
82
Current decreases in magnitude with distance from a stimulus and flows in all directions away from the stimulus.
Graded potential
83
What causes a graded potential?
Opening a gated ion channel
84
When stimulus is a neurotransmitter, graded potential is called what?
Postsynaptic potential
85
Only excitable membranes can generate this type of potential?
Action
86
This is the brief reversal of membrane potential. (-70mV to +30mV)
Action potential
87
Which gated channel does action potential use which opens and closes allowing Na+ and K+ to move.
Voltage Gated Channels
88
During action potential events this is when the voltage gated channel is closed.
Resting state
89
During action potential events this is increased Na+ permeability and reversal of membrane potential.
Depolarization
90
During action potential events the decrease in Na+ permeability as slower inactivation gate closes in the channel. Increase in K+ permeability as voltage gated K+ channels open and K+ rushes out of neuron.
Repolarization phase
91
During action potential events, K+ efflux undershoots resting membrane potential (after hyperpolarization)
Hyperpolarizing phase
92
The repolarization restores what?
Electrical Balance
93
The sodium potassium pump restores what?
Ion Balance

A&P 1141 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions