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DAT Biology > CH. 14 Ecology > Flashcards

CH. 14 Ecology Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

What is the correct order of ecological organization from smallest to largest?

[‘Community > Population > Individual > Ecosystem’, ‘Individual > Population > Community > Ecosystem > Biome > Biosphere’, ‘Population > Individual > Community > Biome’, ‘Ecosystem > Biome > Biosphere > Individual’]

A

Individual > Population > Community > Ecosystem > Biome > Biosphere

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2
Q

Which level of ecological organization includes both biotic and abiotic factors?
[‘Population’, ‘Community’, ‘Ecosystem’, ‘Biome’]

A

Ecosystem

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3
Q

Which ecological concept describes the role an organism plays in its environment?

A

Niche

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4
Q

Which of the following population distributions is the most common in nature?
[‘Uniform’, ‘Random’, ‘Clumped’, ‘Dispersed’]

A

Clumped

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5
Q

Which survivorship curve best describes humans?
[‘Type I’, ‘Type II’, ‘Type III’, ‘None of the above’]

A

Type I

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6
Q

Which of the following is an abiotic factor?
[‘Fungi’, ‘Bacteria’, ‘Salinity’, ‘Plants’]

A

Salinity

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7
Q

What does the intermediate disturbance hypothesis state?
[‘Disturbance always reduces biodiversity’,
‘Low disturbance increases biodiversity’, ‘Moderate disturbance leads to the highest species diversity’,
‘Frequent disturbance increases species richness’]

A

Moderate disturbance leads to the highest species diversity

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8
Q

Which of the following best describes r-selected species?
[‘Long lifespan, few offspring’, ‘Stable environment, intense parenting’, ‘Short lifespan, many offspring’, ‘High parental care’]

A

Short lifespan, many offspring

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9
Q

What population statistic is calculated as total individuals divided by area?
[‘Demography’, ‘Carrying capacity’, ‘Population density’, ‘Population size’]

A

Population density

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10
Q

What is carrying capacity?
[‘Total number of births in a population’, ‘Maximum number of individuals a habitat can support’, ‘Minimum population size for stability’, ‘The rate of reproduction in a species’]

A

Maximum number of individuals a habitat can support

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11
Q

Which factor is biotic?
[‘Sunlight’, ‘Wind’, ‘Fungi’, ‘Temperature’]

A

Fungi

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12
Q

Which survivorship curve is typical of fish and trees?
[‘Type I’, ‘Type II’, ‘Type III’, ‘Type IV’]

A

Type III

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13
Q

What is the theoretical maximum reproductive rate for a species?
[‘Biotic potential’, ‘Carrying capacity’, ‘Survivorship’, ‘Growth rate’]

A

Biotic potential

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14
Q

Which type of population distribution shows evenly spaced individuals?
[‘Clumped’, ‘Random’, ‘Uniform’, ‘Equal’]

A

Uniform

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15
Q

What drives global climate?
[‘Ocean currents’, ““Solar energy input and Earth’s movement””, ‘Mountain shadows’, ‘Rainfall’]

A

Solar energy input and Earth’s movement

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16
Q

Which species group shows intense parental care and long life expectancy?
[‘r-selected species’, ‘Type III organisms’, ‘K-selected species’, ‘Opportunistic species’]

A

K-selected species

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17
Q

What describes a group of the same species living in one area?
[‘Community’, ‘Population’, ‘Ecosystem’, ‘Habitat’]

A

Population

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18
Q

Which zone includes all ecosystems on Earth?
[‘Biosphere’, ‘Biome’, ‘Ecosystem’, ‘Habitat’]

A

Biosphere

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19
Q

What causes a rain shadow effect?
[‘Solar heating of land’, ‘Cool ocean currents’, ‘Mountains blocking moist air and causing dry leeward sides’, ‘Rising air over cities’]

A

Mountains blocking moist air and causing dry leeward sides

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20
Q

Which of the following best describes a community?

[‘All living and nonliving things in one area’, ‘Individuals of a single species’, ‘Populations of different species in one area’, ‘Global ecosystem’]

A

Populations of different species in one area

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21
Q

Freshwater fish are ________ to their environment and produce ________ urine.

[‘Hypotonic; concentrated’, ‘Hypertonic; dilute’, ‘Isotonic; moderate’, ‘Hypotonic; dilute’]

A

Hypertonic; dilute

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22
Q

Which of the following best describes marine fish in terms of osmoregulation?

[‘Hypertonic to their environment; absorb salt through gills’, ‘Hypotonic to their environment; secrete salt through gills’, ‘Isotonic to their environment; maintain water balance’, ‘Hypertonic to their environment; secrete salt through skin’]

A

Hypotonic to their environment; secrete salt through gills

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23
Q

The photic zone of the ocean is defined as:

[‘Where no sunlight penetrates and no photosynthesis occurs’, ‘The zone where the ocean floor begins’, ‘The top 200 meters of ocean where light allows photosynthesis’, ‘The shallowest region near the shore’]

A

The top 200 meters of ocean where light allows photosynthesis

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24
Q

Which of the following zones of the ocean does not receive light?

[‘Photic zone’, ‘Neritic zone’, ‘Aphotic zone’, ‘Littoral zone’]

A

Aphotic zone

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25
What zone is located where a large river meets the ocean? ['Pelagic zone', 'Intertidal zone', 'Estuary', 'Euphotic zone']
Estuary
26
Which biome has the greatest biodiversity and high rainfall at high temps? ['Savanna', 'Tundra', 'Tropical Rainforest', 'Desert']
Tropical Rainforest
27
Which biome has low nutrient soil, extreme temperatures, and very low rainfall? ['Tundra', 'Desert', 'Taiga', 'Alpine']
Desert
28
The Taiga (Boreal forest) is characterized by: ['Warm temperatures and rich soil', 'Mild winters and deciduous trees', 'Low temperatures and coniferous trees', 'Hot summers and cactus plants']
Low temperatures and coniferous trees
29
Which biome has permafrost and extremely cold temperatures, little rainfall? ['Tundra', 'Chaparral', 'Temperate grassland', 'Tropical rainforest']
Tundra
30
Which biome is known for dry summers, light winters, and shrubs? ['Savanna', 'Chaparral', 'Desert', 'Alpine']
Chaparral
31
The marine zone closest to the shore, which is exposed during low tide, is called the: ['Neritic zone', 'Pelagic zone', 'Benthic zone', 'Intertidal zone']
Intertidal zone
32
Which biome is closest to the equator and has high temperatures year-round? ['Temperate forest', 'Tundra', 'Rainforest', 'Taiga']
Rainforest
33
Which of the following best describes the temperate deciduous forest? ['High rainfall and coniferous trees', 'Cold winters, hot summers, and broadleaf trees', 'Very low rainfall and succulent plants', 'Low temperatures and permafrost']
Cold winters, hot summers, and broadleaf trees
34
Which marine zone includes the ocean floor? ['Photic zone', 'Benthic zone', 'Neritic zone', 'Pelagic zone']
Benthic zone
35
The zone between the photic and aphotic zone with limited light is the: ['Littoral zone', 'Disphotic zone', 'Euphotic zone', 'Estuary']
Disphotic zone
36
Which biome has dry winters, seasonal rainfall, high temps, and herds of grazing animals? ['Temperate grassland', 'Tropical rainforest', 'Savanna', 'Desert']
Savanna
37
Which biome has nutrient-poor soil, hot summers, and light winters? ['Desert', 'Chaparral', 'Alpine', 'Taiga']
Chaparral
38
Which biome contains jackrabbits, coyotes, and shrubs like poison oak? ['Chaparral', 'Tundra', 'Desert', 'Taiga']
Chaparral
39
Which zone supports vegetation and is often associated with shallow freshwater bodies? ['Littoral zone', 'Aphotic zone', 'Pelagic zone', 'Benthic zone']
Littoral zone
40
Which biome is found at high elevations with low temp and rainfall? ['Taiga', 'Savanna', 'Alpine', 'Tundra']
Alpine
41
Which of the following is a density-dependent factor affecting population growth? ['Forest fire', 'Contagious disease', 'Flood', 'Earthquake']
Contagious disease
42
What type of factor affects population growth regardless of population size? ['Density-dependent', 'Density-independent', 'Biotic', 'Cyclical']
Density-independent
43
What is the ecological footprint? 'The space an organism occupies', ' The amount of energy lost between trophic levels', 'The amount of resources consumed by a person or community', 'The total number of species in a community']
The amount of resources consumed by a person or community
44
What is a foundation species? ['A species with high abundance that modifies the environment', 'A predator that regulates prey populations', 'A species that invades new habitats', 'A species that fills an empty niche']
A species with high abundance that modifies the environment
45
Which species dramatically alters its environment? ['Keystone species', 'Native species', 'Ecosystem engineer', 'Omnivore']
Ecosystem engineer
46
Which type of consumer eats both meat and plants? "['Carnivore', 'Herbivore', 'Omnivore', 'Scavenger']
Omnivore
47
What is the role of decomposers in an ecosystem? ['Eat only primary consumers', 'Break down dead matter and recycle nutrients', 'Compete with producers for sunlight', 'Consume producers to obtain energy']
Break down dead matter and recycle nutrients
48
Which trophic level contains organisms with the most energy and biomass? ['Tertiary consumers'', 'Primary consumers', 'Secondary consumers']
Primary Producers
49
What happens to energy as it moves up trophic levels? ['It increases', 'It stays the same', '90% is lost at each level', 'Only producers lose energy']
90% is lost at each level
50
Which interaction benefits one organism while the other is unaffected? ['Mutualism', 'Parasitism', 'Commensalism', 'Predation']
Commensalism
51
Which is an example of parasitism? ['Bee pollinating a flower', 'Tick feeding on a dog', 'Bacteria in gut not affecting host', 'Lions hunting antelope']
Tick feeding on a dog
52
What is the Competitive Exclusion Principle? ['Two species can share a niche equally', 'One species always outcompetes another for the same niche', 'Organisms can only compete with their own species', 'Predators eliminate prey completely']
One species always outcompetes another for the same niche
53
What is a realized niche? ['The full potential of where an organism could live', 'Where the organism actually lives due to competition', 'The theoretical niche in absence of limits', 'The abiotic factors alone']
Where the organism actually lives due to competition
54
What defines primary succession? "['Succession in an area where life previously existed', 'Occurs after forest fire', 'Begins in an area with no prior life, 'Succession with mature species']
Begins in an area with no prior life
55
Which species interaction benefits both species involved? ['Competition', 'Parasitism', 'Mutualism', 'Predation']
Mutualism
56
Which term describes the final, stable stage of succession? ['Pioneer stage', 'Climax community', 'Invasive stage', 'Colonization phase']
Climax community
57
What is the role of primary consumers? ['Consume producers', 'Consume other consumers', 'Decompose waste', 'Fix nitrogen']
Consume producers
58
What happens in secondary succession? ['Life begins on newly formed land', 'Occurs in areas previously uninhabited', 'Organisms recolonize after a disturbance like fire', 'Follows glacial melting only']
Organisms recolonize after a disturbance like fire
59
Which of the following is NOT a consumer type? ['Herbivore', 'Autotroph', 'Carnivore', 'Omnivore']
Autotroph
60
Which organisms feed on dead organic matter and waste? ['Producers', 'Detritivores', 'Primary consumers', 'Parasites']
Detritivores
61
In an ecological community, leopards and tigers compete for warthogs as a food source. A sudden growth in the leopard population causes a depletion of warthogs. What is this an example of? Exploitation competition Intraspecific competition Apparent competition
Explotation competition
62
Which of the followings is/are abiotic factors? Temperature Sunlight Plants A and B B and C
A and B
63
What type of symbiosis describes the relationship of two organisms where one organism is affected and the other organism benefits? Symbiosis Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism Endosymbiosis
Parasitism
64
Which of the following types of competition occurs when two members of the same species compete against each other for the same assets? Exploitation competition Intraspecific competition Apparent competition
Intraspecific competition
65
Which of the following biomes is known to be the largest biome with low temp and high rainfall? Savanna Taiga Tropical Rainforest Desert Tundra
Taiga
66
Which biome has harsh cold winters and hot summers with intermediate rainfall? A. Chaparral B. Alpine C. Temperate Dedicous Forest D. Desert
C. Temperate Dedicous Forest
67
Which biome has moderate rainfall, cold winters, and hot summers? ['Temperate grassland', 'Tropical rainforest', 'Savanna', 'Desert']
Temperate grassland

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