Ch 14 - lymphatic system Flashcards
(83 cards)
1
Q
- the ability to recognize and remember specific antigens and mount an attack on them
- Humoral (B cells) and cell-mediated immunity (T cells) are examples
A
adaptive immunity
2
Q
mass of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx
A
adenoids
3
Q
protien produced by B cells to destroy antigens
A
antibody
4
Q
- substance that the body recognizes as foreign
- evokes an immune response
- most are proteins or protein fragments found on the surface of bacteria, viruses, or organ transplant tissue cells
A
antigen
5
Q
lymph nodes in the armpit (underarm)
A
axillary nodes
6
Q
- lymphocyte that matures into a plasma cell to secrete antibodies
- the B refers the bone marrow, which is where most of these cells most often originate
A
B cells (B lymphocytes)
7
Q
- T cells (cytotoxic, helper, and suppressor) respond to antigens and destroy them
- a type of adaptive immunity
A
cell-mediated immunity
8
Q
types of T cells
A
- cytotoxic
- helper
- suppressor
9
Q
lymph nodes in the neck region
A
cervical nodes
10
Q
set of proteins in the blood that help antibodies kill their target
A
complement system
11
Q
- proteins secreted by cytotoxic T cells to aid in antigen destruction
- examples are interferons and interleukins
A
cytokines
12
Q
- lymphocyte that directly kills antigens
- called (CD8+) T cell
A
cytotoxic T cells
13
Q
- antigen-presenting cell
- shows what T and B cells what to attack
A
dendritic cell
14
Q
- lymphocyte that aids B cells and stimulates T cells
- (CD4+) T cell
A
helper T cell
15
Q
- B cells produce antibodies after exposure to specific antigens
- type of adaptive immunity
A
Humoral immunity
16
Q
body’s ability to resist foreign organisms and toxins that damage tissues and organs
A
immunity
17
Q
- antibodies such as IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM, and IgD
- secreted by plasma cells (mature B cells) in response to the presence of an antigen
A
immunoglobulins
18
Q
use of immune cells, antibodies, or vaccines to treat disease
A
immunotherapy
19
Q
lymph nodes in the groin region
A
inguinal nodes
20
Q
proteins (cytokines) secreted by T cells and other cells to aid and regulate the immune response
A
interferons
21
Q
proteins (cytokines) that stimulate the growth of B and T lymphocytes
A
interleukins
22
Q
- fluid in the space between cells
- this fluid becomes lymph when it enters lymph capillaries
A
interstitial fluid
23
Q
thin, watery fluid found within lymphatic vessels and collected from tissues throughout the body
A
lymph
24
Q
tiniest lymphatic vessels
A
lymph capillaries
25
- carrier of lymph throughout that body
- empty lymph into veins in the upper part of the chest
lymph vessel
25
- lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus gland
- tonsils and adenoids are other examples
lymphoid organs
26
collection of stationary solid lymphatic tissue along lymph vessels
contains cells (lymphocytes and macrophages) that fight infection
lymph node
27
large phagocyte found in lymph node and other tissues of the body
macrophage
28
phag/o
- to eat
- swallow
29
lymph nodes in the area between the lungs in the chest cavity
mediastinal nodes
30
lymph nodes in the mesentery (intestinal region)
mesenteric nodes
31
- antibody produced in a laboratory to attack antigens and to destroy cells
- useful in immunotherapy
monoclonal antibody
32
- protection that an individual is born with to fight infection such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and NK cells
- it is not antigen specific and does not elicit memory
natural immunity
33
lymph nodes near the aorta in the lumbar (waist) area of the body
paraaortic nodes
34
- lymphocyte that secretes antibodies
- it matures from B lymphocytes
plasma cell
35
- lymphatic vessel in the chest that drains lymph from the upper right part of the body
- it empties lymph into a large vein in the neck
right lymphatic duct
36
organ in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen that destroys worn-out red blood cells, activates lymphocytes, and stores blood
spleen
37
- lymphocyte that inhibits the activity of B and T cells
- also called a Treg (regulatory T cell)
suppressor T cell
38
lymphocyte that acts directly on antigens to destroy them or produce chemicals (cytokines) such as interferons and interleukins that are toxic to antigens
T cell (T lymphocyte)
39
ability of T lymphocytes to recognize and accept the body's own antigens as "self" or friendly
after this is established, the immune system will not react against the body's own cells
tolerance
40
- large lymphatic vessel that drains lymph from the lower and left side of the body (head, neck, arm, and chest)
- it empties lymph into large veins in the neck
thoracic duct
41
lymphoid organ in the mediastinum that conditions T cells to react to foreign cells and aids in the immune response
thymus gland
42
masses of lymphatic tissue in the back of the oropharynx
tonsils
43
- poison
- a protein produced by certain bacteria, animals, or plants
toxin
44
- exposures of an individual to a foreign protein (antigen) that proves an immune response
- the response will destroy any cell that possesses the antigen on its surface and will protect against infection
vaccination
45
- weakened or dead antigen is given to induce production of antibodies
- this results in adaptive immunity
vaccine
46
immun/o
protection
47
lymph/o
lymph
48
lymphaden/o
lymph node (gland)
49
splen/o
spleen
50
thym/o
thymus gland
51
tox/o
poison
52
ana-
- again
- anew
53
inter-
between
54
- group of clinical signs and symptoms associated with suppression of the immune system and marked by opportunistic infections, secondary neoplasms, and neurologic problems
- is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
55
abnormal hypersensitivity acquired by exposure to an antigen
allergy
56
malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymph tissue
lymphoma
57
malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue in the spleen and lymph nodes
Hodgkin lymphoma
58
- these include follicular lymphoma and large cell lymphoma
- are mostly B cell lymphomas and rarely T cell malignancies
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
59
malignant tumor of bone marrow cells
multiple myeloma
60
tumor of the thymus gland
thymoma
61
- substance capable of causing a specific hypersensitivity reaction
- a type of antigen
allergen
62
exaggerated or unusual hypersensitivity to foreign protein or other substances
anaphylaxis
63
hypersensitive or allergic state involving an inherited predisposition
atopy
64
helper T cells that carry the CD4 protein antigens on their surface
CD4+ cells
65
- malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue in spleen and lymph nodes
- Reed-Sternberg cells are often found on microscopic analysis
Hodgkin lymphoma
66
virus (retrovirus) that causes AIDS
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
67
malignant lesion associated with AIDS
arises from the lining of capillaries and appears as wed, purple, brown, or black skin modules
Kaposi sarcoma
68
group of malignant tumors involving lymphoid tissue
non-Hodgkin lymphomas
69
infectious diseases associated with AIDS
they occur because HIV infection lowers the body's resistance and allows infection by bacteria and parasites that are normally easily contained
opportunistic infections
70
drug that treats AIDS by blocking the production of protease, a proteolytic enzyme that helps create new viral pieces for HIV
protease inhibitor
71
drug that treats AIDS by blocking reverse transcriptase, an enzyme needed to make copies of HIV
reverse transcriptase inhibitor (RTI)
72
weight loss, decrease in muscular strength, appetite, and mental activity
associated with AIDS
wasting syndrome
73
measures the number of CD4+ T cells (helper T cells) in the bloodstream of patient with AIDS
CD4+ cell count
74
test that separates immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG, IgE, IgA, IgD)
immunoelectrophoresis
75
screening test to detect anti-HIV antibodies in the bloodstream
ELISA
76
measurement of the amount of AIDS virus (HIV) in the bloodstream
viral load test
77
x-ray imaging produces cross-sectional and other views of anatomic structures
computed tomography scan (CT scan
78
causes opportunistic AIDS related infections
cytomegalovirus
79
causes opportunistic AIDS related infections
cryptococcus
80
use of combinations of drugs that are effective against AIDS
HAART(highly active antiretroviral therapy)
81
fungal infections seen in AIDS patients
Histo
82
parasitic infection associated with AIDS
toxoplasmosis
