final - key terms

Question 1

Protein made by white blood cells in response to foreign substances (antigens) in the blood

Answer 1

antibodies

Question 2

Foreign substances or toxins that stimulate the production of antibodies

Answer 2

antigens

Question 3

Failure of the lower esophageal sphincter muscle to relax

Answer 3

achalasia

Question 4

pituitary glands make too much growth hormone

Answer 4

acromegaly (gigantism)

Question 5

Glial cells that transport salts and water for capillaries in the central nervous system

Answer 5

astrocyte

Question 6

postmortem examination to determine the cause of death or extent of disease

Answer 6

autopsy

Question 7

a procedure that removes a sample of the cell for testing

Answer 7

biopsy

Question 8

impaired blood flow to the brain, caused by acute brain injury

Answer 8

cerebral ischemia

Question 9

inflammation of the gallbladder

Answer 9

cholecystitis

Question 10

Benign growth protruding from the mucous membrane of the colon

Answer 10

Colonic polyposis

Question 11

• inflammatory bowel disease
• unknown cause
• normally affects the ileum

Answer 11

Crohn’s disease

Question 12

Region in the lower abdomen, mid-way between the rectum and the uterus

Answer 12

Cul de sac

Question 13

Hernia of the urinary bladder

Answer 13

cystocele

Question 14

Chromosomal abnormality that results in mental retardation

Answer 14

Down’s syndrome

Question 15

Painful, inflamed intestine commonly caused by bacterial infection

Answer 15

dysentery

Question 16

abnormal/ painful digestion

Answer 16

dyspepsia

Question 17

difficulty swallowing

Answer 17

dysphasia

Question 18

Collection of blood located above the dura mater (membrane around brain and spinal cord)

Answer 18

Epidural hematoma

Question 19

• Gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth
• burping

Answer 19

eructation

Question 20

Hemolytic disease of a newborn caused by blood group( Rh factor) incompatibility between the mother and fetus

Answer 20

Erythroblastosis fetalis

Question 21

Swollen, twisted veins, at the lower end of the esophagus

Answer 21

Esophageal varices

Question 22

gas expelled through the anus

Answer 22

flatus

Question 23

Removal of gum disease

Answer 23

Gingivectomy

Question 24

• a fast-growing, aggressive brain tumor that’s also known as a grade IV astrocytoma
• tumor’s varied types of “glial” brain cells and it is highly variable

Answer 24

glioblastoma multiforme

Question 25

Inflammation of the glomerulus in the kidney

Answer 25

Glomerulonephritis

Question 26

collection or mass of blood

Answer 26

hematoma

Question 27

removal of half of the tongue

Answer 27

hemiglossectomy

Question 28

stoppage of blood or the flow of blood

Answer 28

hemostasis

Question 29

Protrusion of the upper portion of the stomach into the chest through the opening of the diaphragm

Answer 29

hiatal hernia

Question 30

- Infant respiratory distress syndrome - acute lung disease commonly seen in premature newborns

Answer 30

Hyaline membrane disease

Question 31

Abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain

Answer 31

hydrocephalus

Question 32

low blood sugar

Answer 32

hypoglycemia

Question 32

- High levels of bilirubin in the bloodstream - jaundice

Answer 32

Hyperbilirubinemia

Question 33

Process of cutting into the body

Answer 33

incision

Question 34

A small loop of the bowel protrudes through a weakened lower abdominal muscle

Answer 34

inguinal hernia

Question 35

Group of gastrointestinal symptoms(abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, and bloating), but without structural abnormalities in the intestines

Answer 35

irritable bowel syndrome

Question 36

two inner folds of skin that surround the opening of the vagina

Answer 36

labia minora

Question 37

telescoping of the intestines

Answer 37

intussusception

Question 38

Spread of a malignant tumor beyond its original location

Answer 38

metastisis

Question 39

tumor of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord

Answer 39

Meningioma

Question 40

Unpleasant sensation in the stomach with the tendency to vomit

Answer 40

nausea

Question 41

- Substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine - urea, creatinine, and uric acid

Answer 41

Nitrogenous waste

Question 42

reconstruction of the palate (roof of the mouth)

Answer 42

Palatoplasty

Question 43

Functional, essential tissue of an organ

Answer 43

Parenchymal tissue

Question 44

study of disease

Answer 44

pathology

Question 45

Area between the anus and vagina in females and the area between the anus and scrotal sac in males; below cul-de-sac

Answer 45

perineum

Question 46

excessive urination

Answer 46

polyuria

Question 47

- Prediction about the outcome of an illness - knowledge beforehand

Answer 47

prognosis

Question 48

false pregnancy

Answer 48

Pseudocyesis

Question 49

Narrowing of the pyloric sphincter (opening of the stomach to the duodenum)

Answer 49

Pyloric stenosis

Question 50

pain in the rectum

Answer 50

rectalgia

Question 51

hernia of the rectum

Answer 51

Rectocele

Question 52

stomach contents flow back up the esophagus and into the mouth

Answer 52

Regurgitation

Question 53

Removal of an organ or part of the body

Answer 53

resection

Question 54

- Salivary gland stone - lodged in a salivary gland

Answer 54

Sialolithiasis

Question 55

Discharge of fat in the feces due to improper digestion and malabsorption of fats

Answer 55

Steatorrhea

Question 56

Collection of blood in space below the dura mater surrounding the brain

Answer 56

Subdural hematoma

Question 57

- Fusions of fingers or toes - congenital abnormality

Answer 57

Syndactyly

Question 58

- Malignant tumor of a testis or ovary - composed of embryonic cells that develop into different types of tissue

Answer 58

teratoma