Chapter 2 Flashcards
1
Q
abdomin/o
A
abdomen
2
Q
adip/o
A
fat
3
Q
anter/o
A
front
4
Q
cervic/o
A
neck (of the body or of the uterus)
5
Q
chondr/o
A
cartilage (type of connective tissue)
6
Q
chrom/o
A
color
7
Q
coccyg/o
A
coccyx (tailbone)
8
Q
crani/o
A
skull
9
Q
cyt/o
A
cell
10
Q
dist/o
A
far, distant
11
Q
dors/o
A
back portion of the body
12
Q
hist/o
A
tissue
13
Q
ili/o
A
ilium (upper part of the hip bone)
14
Q
inguin/o
A
groin
15
Q
kary/o
A
nucleus
16
Q
later/o
A
side
17
Q
lumb/o
A
lower back
18
Q
medi/o
A
middle
19
Q
nucle/o
A
nucleus
20
Q
pelv/i
A
pelvis
21
Q
pharyng/o
A
pharynx (throat)
22
Q
poster/o
A
back, behind
23
Q
proxim/o
A
nearest
24
Q
sacr/o
A
sacrum
25
sarc/o
flesh
26
spin/o
spine, backbone
27
thel/o, theli/o
nipple
28
thorac/o
chest
29
trache/o
trachea, windpipe
30
umbilic/o
navel, umbilicus
31
ventr/o
belly side of the body
32
vertebr/o
vertebra(e), backbone(s)
33
viscer/o
internal organs
34
ana-
up
35
cata-
down
36
epi-
above
37
hypo-
below
38
inter-
between
39
intra-
within
40
meta-
change
41
-eal
pertaining to
42
-iac
pertaining to
43
-ior
pertaining to
44
-ism
process, condition
45
cell membrane
not only surrounds and protects the cell but also regulates what passes into and out of the cell
46
nucleus
controls the operations of the cell
- control center of the cell
- contains chromosomes and directs activities of the cell
47
chromosomes
rod-like structures within the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes
48
genes
regions within chromosomes are called...
49
karyotype
a photograph of an individual's chromosomes
50
anabolism
process of building up proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids and energy is absorbed
51
catabolism
process whereby complex nutrients are broken down into simpler substances and energy is released
52
cytoplasm
all of the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane
53
DNA
chemical found within each chromosome
- arranged like a sequence of recipes in code
- it directs the activities of the cell
54
endoplasmic reticulum
- network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell
- large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces
55
genes
regions of DNA within each chromosome
56
karyotype
picture of (classification) of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell
- the chromosomes are arranged in numerical order to determine their number and structure
57
metabolism
total of the chemical process in a cell
- it includes catabolism and anabolism
58
mitochondria
rod-shaped structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy for the cell
59
What is the process that occurs in the mitochondria?
catabolism
60
muscle cell
long and slender and contains fibers that aid in contracting and relaxing
61
epithelial cell
may be square and flat to provide protection
62
nerve cell
may be long and have various fibrous extensions that aid in its job of carrying impulses
63
fat cell
contain large, empty spaces for fat storage
64
organs of the digestive system
mouth, pharynx, esophagus (tube from the throat to the stomach), stomach, intestines (small and large), liver, gallbladder, pancreas
65
organs of the urinary/excretory system
kidney, ureters (tubes from the kidneys to the urinary bladder), urinary bladder, urethra (where the exchange of gases takes place)
66
organs of the respiratory system
nose, pharynx, larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), bronchial tubes, lungs (where the exchange of gases takes place)
67
organs of the female reproductive system
ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus (womb), vagina, mammary glands
68
organs of the male reproductive system
testes and associated tubes, urethra, penis, prostate gland
69
organs of the endocrine system
thyroid gland (in the neck), pituitary gland (at the base of the brain). sex glands (ovaries and testes). adrenal glands, pancreas (islets of Langerhans), parathyroid glands
70
organs of the nervous system
brain, spinal cord, verves, and collections of nerves
71
organs of circulatory system
heart, blood vessels (steries, veins, and capillaries), lymphatic vessels and nodes, spleen, thymus gland
72
organs of musculoskeletal system
muscles, bones, and joints
73
organs of skin and sense organs
skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous (oil) glands; eye, ear, nose, and tongue
74
adipose tissue
collection of fat cells
75
cartilage
flexible connective tissue often attached to bones at joints
- forms part of the external ear and the nose
- rings of it surround the trachea
76
epithelial cells
skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs
77
histologist
specialist in the study of tissues
78
larynx
voice box; located above the trachea
79
pharynx
throat
- serves as the common passageway for food and air
80
pituitary gland
endocrine gland at the base of the brain
81
thyroid gland
endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck
82
trachea
windpipe (tube leading from the throat and larynx to the bronchial tubes)
83
ureter
one of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder
84
urethra
tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
85
uterus
womb; the organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops
86
viscera
internal organs in the main cavities of the body, especially in the adbomen
87
abdominal cavity
space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines
88
cranial cavity
space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull
89
diaphram
muscle separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities
90
dorsal (posterior)
pertaining to the back
91
mediastinum
centrally located space outside of and between the lungs
92
pelvic cavity
space below the abdomen containing proportions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs
93
peritoneum
double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity
- attaches the abdominal viscera to muscles and functions as a protective membrane around the organs
94
pleura
double-folded membrane surrounding each lung
95
pleural cavity
space between the pleural layers
96
spinal cavity
space within the spinal column (backbones) containing the spinal chord
97
thoracic cavity
space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs
98
ventral (anterior)
pertaining to the front
- front surface of the body
99
deep
away from the surface
100
superficial
on the surface
101
supine
lying on the back
102
prone
lying on the belly
103
-ose
pertaining to, full of
104
-plasm
foundation
105
-somes
bodies
106
-type
picture, classification
