Ch 5 Flashcards
(161 cards)
1
Q
passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream
A
absorption
2
Q
small building block of proteins, released when proteins are digested
A
amino acids
3
Q
enzyme secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands to digest starch
A
amylase
4
Q
terminal end or opening if the digestive tract to the outside of the body
A
anus
5
Q
blind pouch hanging from the cecum
A
appendix
6
Q
digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder
A
bile
7
Q
pigment released by the liver in bile
A
bilirubin
8
Q
intestine
A
bowel
9
Q
pointed, dog-like teeth next to the incisors
A
canine teeth
10
Q
first part of the large intestine
A
cecum
11
Q
portion of the large intestine consisting of the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid segments
A
colon
12
Q
carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum
A
common bile duct
13
Q
elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus
A
defecation
14
Q
swallowing
A
deglultition
15
Q
- primary material found in teeth
- it is covered by the enamel in the crown and a protective layer of cementum in the root
A
dentin
16
Q
breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms
A
digestion
17
Q
- first part of the small intestine
- measures 12 inches long
A
duodenum
18
Q
- removal of materials from the body
- in the digestive system
- the removal of indigestible material as feces
A
elimination
19
Q
- breaking up large fat globules into small globules
- increases the surface area that enzymes can use to digestive fat
A
emulsification
20
Q
hard, outermost layer of a tooth
A
enamel
21
Q
chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances
A
enzyme
22
Q
tube connecting the throat to the stomach
A
esophagus
23
Q
substances produced when fats are digested
A
fatty acids
24
Q
- solid waste
- stool
A
feces
25
- small sac under the liver
- stores bile
gallbladder
26
simple sugar
glucose
27
starch
glucose is stored in the form of this in liver cells
glycogen
28
- substance produced in the stomach
- aids digestion
hydrochloric acid
29
third part of the small intestine
ileum
30
any one of four front teeth in the dental arch
incisor
31
- hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas
- it helps transport sugar into body cells
insulin
32
second part of the small intestine
jejunum
33
pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats
lipase
34
- large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen
- it secretes bile
- it stores sugar, iron, and vitamins
- it produces blood proteins
- it destroys worn-out red blood cells
- it filters out toxins
liver
35
- ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach
- also called the cardiac sphincter
lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
36
chewing
mastication
37
three large, flat teeth at the back of the mouth, on either side of the dental arch
molar teeth
38
two teeth before the molars
premolar teeth
39
roof if the mouth
palate
40
lies anterior to the soft palate and is supported by the upper jawbone (maxilla)
hard palate
41
is the posterior fleshy part between the mouth and the throat
soft palate
42
- organ behind the stomach
- produces insulin and enzymes
pancreas
43
- small projections on the tongue
- taste buds are located within
papillae
44
salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear
parotid gland
45
rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs
peristalsis
46
- throat
- the common passageway for food from the mouth and for air from the nose
pharynx
47
large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines
portal vein
48
enzyme that digests protein
protease
49
- soft tissue within a tooth
- containing nerves and blood vessels
pulp
50
- ring of muscle at the end of the stomach, near the duodenum
- it is normally closed, but opens when a wave of peristalsis passes over it
pyloric sphincter
51
- distal region of the stomach
- opening to the duodenum
pylorus
52
last section of the large intestine, connect the end of the colon and the anus
rectum
53
ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach
rugae
54
digestive juice produced by salivary glands
contains the enzyme amylase
saliva
55
begins the digestion of starch to sugar
amylase
56
parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands
salivary glands
57
- lower s-shaped segment of the colon just before the rectum
- empties into the rectum
sigmoid colon
58
circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening
sphincter
59
muscular organ that recieves food from the esophagus
stomach
60
fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acids and one part glycerol
triglycerides
61
soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate
uvula
62
microscopic projections in the wall of the intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream
villi
63
an/o
anus
64
append/o
appendic/o
appendix
65
bucc/o
cheek
66
cec/o
cecum
67
celi/o
- belly
- abdomen
68
cheil/o
lip
69
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
70
choledoch/o
common bile duct
71
col/o
colon/o
colon
72
duoden/o
duodenum
73
dent/i
tooth
74
enter/o
intestines (usually small intestine)
75
esophag/o
esophagus
76
fac/i
face
77
gastr/o
stomach
78
gingiv/o
gums
79
gloss/o
tongue
80
hepat/o
liver
81
ile/o
ileum
82
jejun/o
jejunum
83
labi/o
lip
84
lapar/o
abdomen
85
lingu/o
tounge
86
mandibul/o
- lower jaw
- mandible
87
odont/o
tooth
88
or/o
mouth
89
palat/o
palate
90
pancreat/o
pancreas
91
peritone/o
peritoneum
92
pharyng/o
throat
93
proct/o
anus and rectum
94
pylor/o
pyloric sphincter
95
rect/o
rectum
96
sialaden/o
salivary gland
97
sigmoid/o
sigmoid gland
98
stomat/o
mouth
99
uvul/o
uvula
100
amyl/o
starch
101
bil/o
- gall
- bile
102
bilirubin/o
bilirubin (bile pigment)
103
chol/e
- gall
- bile
104
chorhydr/o
hydrochloric acid
105
gluc/o
glyc/o
sugar
106
glycogen/o
- glycogen
- animal starch
107
lip/o
- fat
- lipid
108
lith/o
stone
109
prote/o
protien
110
py/o
pus
111
sial/o
- saliva
- salivary
112
steat/o
fat
113
-ase
enzyme
114
-chezia
- defecation
- elimination of wastes
115
-iasis
abnormal condition
116
-prandial
meal
117
lack of appetite
anorexia
118
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
ascites
119
rumbling or gurgling noises produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the gastrointestinal tract
borborygmi
120
difficulty in passing stools
constipation
121
frequent passage of loose, watery stools
diarrhea
122
difficulty in swallowing
dysphagia
123
gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth
eructation
124
gas expelled through the anus
flatus
125
passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum
hematochezia
126
yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood
jaundice
127
- black, tarry stools
- feces containing digested blood
melena
128
unpleasant sensation in the stomach with a tendency to vomit
nausea
129
fat in the feces
steatorrhea
130
inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers
aphthous stomatitis
131
tooth decay
dental caries
132
inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpes virus
herpetic stomatitis
133
white plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth
oral leukoplakia
134
inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bone
periodontal disease
135
failure of the lower esophagus sphincter muscle to relax
achalasia
136
malignant tumor of the esophagus
esophageal cancer
137
swollen vericose veins at the lower end of the esophagus
esophageal varices
138
malignant tumor of the stomach
gastric cancer
139
solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
140
protrusion of an organ or part through the tissues and muscles normally containing it
hernia
141
open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum
hernia
142
open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum
peptic ulcer
143
abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus
anal fistula
144
polyps (benign growths) protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon
colonic polyps
145
adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, or both
colorectal cancer
146
chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract
Crohn disease (Crohn's)
147
abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall of the colon
diverticulosis
148
painful inflammation of the intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection
dysentery
149
swollen, twisted varicose veins in the rectal region
hemorrhoids
150
loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines
ileus
151
inflammation of the colon and small intestines
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
152
telescoping of the intestines
intussusception
153
group of GI symptoms without structural abnormalities in the intestines
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
154
chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers
ulcerative colitis
155
twisting of the intestine on itself
volvulus
156
gallstones in the gallbladder
cholelithiasis
157
chronic degenerative disease of the liver
cirrhosis
158
liver cancer
hepatocellular carcinoma
159
malignant tumor of the pancreas
pancreatic cancer
160
inflammation of the pancreas
pancreatitis
161
inflammation of the liver caused by a virus
viral hepatitis
