Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

RTT Biology Spring 25 > Ch 14 pathology #2 > Flashcards

Ch 14 pathology #2 Flashcards

(87 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

No matter how great the treatment planning,
there will always be normal tissue exposed
to radiation because (3)

A
  • Malignant tumors infiltrate normal structures
  • Normal tissue and blood cells are within the tumor
  • Entrance and exit doses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Acutly and late responding tissues are based on ___

A

time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Late responding tissues show effects after ___ days

A

90

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Something that can be restored is considered

A

Acute effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Something that improved but not restored is considered ___ effect

A

Chronic effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Regardless of time of expression, the cause is the same - Which is?

A

Depletion of parenchymal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Acute effects on hair doses
- Temporary at
- Permenant at

A
  • 20-30 Gy
  • 50 Gy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Primary chronic effect occurs as result of depletion of ____ ____ and appear ___

A
  • Non-parenchymal cells
  • later
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Secondary chronic effect occurs as consquence of ___ ___ ___ and appear ___

A
  • sever acute effect
  • sooner
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Both primary and secondary chronic effects are

A

permanent and irreversible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

HEALING: “REGENERATION”
- Replacement by ___ type of cell
- ____ organ to pre-irradiated state
- Associated with ___ effects

A
  • same
  • restoring
  • acute
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

HEALING: “REPAIR”
- Replacement by ___ type of cell
- (3) heal by repair instead of restoration

A
  • Different
  • Catastrophic, irreversible and acute changes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

HEALING: REGENERATION
OR REPAIR
- A function of ___ and ___

A
  • Dose and specific organ
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

HEALING: “REGENERATION”
- Occurs after doses (3)
- Maintains an organs ability to ___ ___
- All are ___ ___ normal tissue

A
  • Low, moderate and high
  • Actively divide
  • Acutley responding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

HEALING: REPAIR
- Occurs in ___ doses after destroying ___ cells
- ___ responding organs with ___ dividing cells

A
  • Higher, parenchymal
  • Late, slowly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Acute Responding Tissue show changes ___ vs ___Responding Tissue given same dose

A
  • Sooner
  • Late
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Acutely responding normal tissue – shows ___ changes sooner, but may be ___

A
  • Severe
  • Restored
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Acute changes are characterized by (4)

A
  • Hemorrhage
  • Edema
  • Denudation of muscosal surfaces
  • Inflammation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Chronic changes are characterized by (5)

A
  • Fibrosis
  • Atrophy
  • Ulceration
  • Stricture
  • Obstruction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

___ is the most critical factor in determination

A

Time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

2^0 comes from ___ effect

A

acute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

___ - the ultimate 2^0 chronic effect

A

Necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Fractionation: ___cGy/day over __-__ weeks,
standard fractionation

A
  • 200
  • 4-6
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Dose administered in multiple fractions is
biologically ___effective than a single dose

A

Less

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
SKIN: ACUTE CHANGES. From moderate to high doses (4)
- Inflammation - Erytherma - Dry desquammation - Moist desquammation
26
Sun burn occurs as ___ Gy
10
27
Skin chronic changes occur at ___ Gy
20
28
alopecia doses - Temp Gy - Permanent Gy
- 4-10 Gy - >50 Gy
29
Digestive system: Moderately High dose over ___cGy Produce ulceration, atrophy, fibrosis. Lasts several ___to ___ year
- 5000 - months, one
30
The most radiosensitive portion of the GI tract is the
small intestine
31
GI tract is generally considered ___: ___cGy can cause atrophy, strictures, fibrosis, ulceration.
- Radiosensitive - 500
32
DIgestive system: The ___ is one of the major consideration in treatment planning.
- GI tract
33
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM- ACCESSORY ORGANS - Xerostomia occurs at ___ cGy
- 2000
34
Liver Radiation hepatitis @ ___-___ cGy. Clinical significance depends of volume treated.
3000-4500 cGy
35
Sometimes included in treatment fields of kidney, lymphomas, ovarian ca.
Liver
36
Liver Late effects include (3)
- Fibrosis - Jaundice - Liver failure
37
List follicle from most radio senstive to resistant
- Intermediate follicle - Mature (Large) follicle - Small follicle
38
Dose required to produce sterility is a function of
Age
39
Generally, > ___ Gy produces sterility in all women.
- 6.25
40
terility in female may cause ___ having profound physical and psychological effects
- artificial menopause
41
Blood vessel damage results in ___
occlusion
42
Vasculature clinical presentation (4)
- Petechial hemorrhages - Telangictasia - Vessel sclerosis - Hardening
43
Vessels supply ___ and ___ to organs
O2 and nutrients
44
Smaller vessels are more or less radio sensitive?
More (damage to liver and kidney***)
45
Heart - Undamaged at ___ and ___ doses - High doses produce ___ and ___ - Normal dose of ___ cGy
- Low and moderate - Pericarditis and pancarditis - 4000
46
The heart is radioresistant because it has ___ cells
Postmototic
47
Mature bone and cartilage are radio___ because is has ___ cells
- Resistant - Nondividing
48
Growing bone and cartilage are moderately radio___ because it has ___ cells
- Sensitive - Dividing
49
Radiation injury to growing bone is also a result of damage to ___ and bone marrow
- Small vessels - Bone marrow
50
Bone and cartilage: Moderate doses temp. inhibit ___
Mitosis
51
Bone and cartilage: Most effects are ___ changes
Late
52
Bone and cartilage: Fractionated doses > ___ cGy in children, less than ___ years of age show significant effects, such as learning difficulties and stunted growth
- 2000 - 2
53
Bone and cartilage: - Doses of ___ cGy to children causes temporary effects stunting height by the time they are adults - Dose above ___cGy can lead to permanent effects in growing bone
- 100 - 1000
54
Bone: Late effects are highy dependant on ___
Age
55
Bone: Radiation osteitis seen as a___ effect in ___ bone irradiation. Presenting with ___.
- Late - Adult - Pain
56
Radiation induced sarcoma of the bone is ___ cGy
- 5000
57
Respiratory system - Consists of (4)
- Nose - Lungs - Pharymx - Trachea
58
Lungs: - Responsive at ___ doses - Relatively radio___
- High - Resistant
59
___ of the lungs is the primary early change after irradiation. Occurs at ___ doses.
- Inflamation - Moderate
60
___ cGy to both lungs can be lethal
2500
61
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: Response is dependent on ___
- Volume
62
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: Main reaction is ___
Pneumonitis
63
Urinairy system consists of (4)
- Kidney - Ureters - Bladder - Urethra
64
Kidney: - Must be shielded at ___ cGy total dose when both kidneys are included in treatment field. - ___ cGy to both kidneys in 5 weeks results in high probability of fatal radiation nephritis -___ minimizes renal failure***
- 2600 - 2800 - 1/3
65
The urinary system is considered relatively radio___.
Resistant
66
___ cGy to both kidneys can lead to renal failure and death
2500
67
URINARY SYSTEM: Main reaction
Clinical Nephritis (Inflamation of the kidneys)
68
Damage to bladder occurs after ___ months with a large single dose (in mice)
6
69
Bladder: Major change is ___
Epithelial dendation
70
Bladder: Fibrosis of muscularis after ___ months
12
71
Urinary system doses: cGy - Acute cystitis - Chronic cystitis - Contraction/Hemorragic
- 3000-4000 - 5000 - 7000
72
Urinary system: main reaction
Symp. bladder conracture and volume loss
73
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: Is relatively radio___
Resistant
74
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: Is considered the most ___ ___ system un the adult
Radioresistant
75
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: Early changes after high dose include ___
Myelitis (inflammation of the brain)
76
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: - Early changes due to - Chronic changes due to
- Loss of glial cells - damage to vasculature
77
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: White or gray matter more radiosensitive
White matter
78
Gray matter forms what shape in the white matter
"H"
79
White matter is the tissue through which ___ pass
Messages
80
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: Doses cGy - Delayed radiation necrosis of brain - Radiation myelitis (small volume) - Radiation myelitis (large volume)
- 5000 - 5000 - 4500
81
Spinal cord is often included in treatments of which cancers (3)
- Lung - Esophagus - Hodgkins
82
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: Brain and Spinal cord is considered radio___ because it has ___ nerve cells
- Resistant - Fixed Post-mitotic
83
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: Fibrosis and necrosis can occur @ ___ cGy
2000
84
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: 20% response in childhood tumors with dose ___ cGy and ___ fractions
- 3600 - 20
85
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: Acute reaction to cranial irradiation include (3)
- Headache - Nausea - Somnolence
86
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: Cerebral edema and changes is vascular permeability are controlled with ___
Corticosteroids
87
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: “Early delayed” symptoms include (2), at ___ to ___ months post treatment
- Somnolence, fatigue - 1 to 4

RTT Biology Spring 25 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions