ch 15, 19, 20 review exam

Question 1

Which term refers to a normal respiratory rate?

Answer 1

Eupnea

Question 2

The most important muscle(s) of forced expiration is (are) the

Answer 2

internal intercostals and abdominal muscles

Question 3

The inspiratory and expiratory centers are located in the

Answer 3

brainstem

Question 4

The function of the surfactant in the lung is to help

Answer 4

reduce the surface tension of water in the alveoli.

Question 5

Carbon dioxide in the tissue cells

Answer 5

. converts hemoglobin to carbaminohemoglobin and is carried as bicarbonate ions in the blood

Question 6

Which of the following structures is involved in the gas exchange function of the respiratory system?

Answer 6

Alveoli

Question 7

Which volume is not included in vital capacity?

Answer 7

Residual volume

Question 8

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and cells throughout the body is called

Answer 8

internal respiration

Question 9

The respiratory mucosa

Answer 9

lines most of the air distribution tubes

Question 10

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood returning to the lungs from the body is about

Answer 10

46 mm hg

Question 11

Dyspnea is labored breathing that is often associated with

Answer 11

hypoventilation

Question 12

Which of these structures is not in the larynx?

Answer 12

Palatine tonsils

Question 13

The lacrimal sacs drain directly into the

Answer 13

nasal cavity

Question 14

A decrease in blood protein concentration would tend to

Answer 14

increase interstitial fluid volume and decrease blood plasma volume

Question 15

Which electrolyte is important in the formation of the thyroid hormones?

Answer 15

iodine

Question 16

Which electrolyte is important in hemoglobin production?

Answer 16

iron

Question 17

The hormone that increases the amount of water in the body is

Keyword there are 2

Answer 17

ADH and aldosterone

Question 18

Which of the following is considered an extracellular fluid?

Keyword there are 3

Answer 18

Cerebrospinal fluid, the humors of the eye, and lymph

Question 19

The most common positive ion in intracellular fluid is

Answer 19

potassium

Question 20

Aldosterone increases

Answer 20

sodium reabsorption

Question 21

The most abundant positive ion in blood plasma is:

Answer 21

sodium

Question 22

The largest volume of water in the body is

Answer 22

the fluid inside the cells

Question 23

A newborn can have a percentage of body water as high as

Answer 23

80%

Question 24

Under normal circumstances, the kidneys provide the greatest means of water loss. Which organ provides the second greatest?

Answer 24

skin

Question 25

The chief mechanism for maintaining fluid balance is to

Answer 25

adjust fluid output so it equals fluid input

Question 26

An increase in capillary blood pressure would tend to

Answer 26

increase interstitial fluid volume

Question 27

Which of the following organs contribute to fluid output from the body?

Answer 27

Lungs, skin, and intestine

Question 28

Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption by the

Answer 28

kidney, water reabsorption, and water volume in extracellular fluid.

Question 29

Extracellular fluid includes

Answer 29

plasma and interstitial fluid

Question 30

The term used to describe a blood sodium level of more than 145 mEq/L is:

Answer 30

hypernatremia

Question 31

The most abundant negative ion in blood plasma is

Answer 31

chloride.

Question 32

Overhydration

Answer 32

can be caused by giving intravenous fluids too rapidly

Question 33

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and blood in the lung is called

Answer 33

external respiration

Question 34

The following are tonsils EXCEPT

Answer 34

uvula

Question 35

Which of the following tubes enters or exits the pharynx?

Answer 35

Larynx, esophagus, and auditory tubes

Question 36

Which term describes the group of control centers in the brainstem that produce the basic rhythm of breathing?

Answer 36

. Medullary rhythmicity area

Question 37

Carbon dioxide in the blood is carried most efficiently by

Answer 37

bicarbonate ions

Question 38

The auditory, or eustachian, tubes connect the

Answer 38

middle ear with the nasopharynx

Question 39

The amount of air moved into and out of the lung during normal breathing is called

Answer 39

tidal volume

Question 40

The space between the vocal cords is called the

Answer 40

glottis.

Question 41

The function of the epiglottis is to

Answer 41

keep food from entering the trachea.

Question 42

Which of the following is not covered by the respiratory mucosa?

Answer 42

Alveoli

Question 43

During inspiration

Answer 43

the chest cavity expands

Question 44

Electrolytes

Answer 44

dissociate in water solutions and form ions in water solutions.

Question 45

The most important regulator of the amount of sodium in the body is the:

Answer 45

kidney

Question 46

The hormone that reduces the amount of water in the body is:

Answer 46

ANH

Question 47

The respiratory membrane:

Answer 47

contains cilia and mucus-producing goblet cells

Question 48

The thyroid cartilage (Adam’s apple) is part of the:

Answer 48

larynx.

Question 49

All of the following are paranasal sinuses except the

Answer 49

mandibular sinus.

Question 50

The chemoreceptors in the carotid and aorta are sensitive to:

Answer 50

an increase in blood carbon dioxide, a decrease in blood oxygen, and an increase in blood acidity.

Question 51

The partition that divides the nasal cavities is called the

Answer 51

nasal septum.

Question 52

The pulmonary stretch receptors

Answer 52

inhibit inspiration and are inhibited by expiration

Question 53

The most important muscle(s) of inspiration is (are) the

Answer 53

diaphragm

Question 54

The smallest of the air distribution tubes in the respiratory tract are the:

Answer 54

alveolar ducts

Question 55

In order for gas exchange to occur properly in the lungs is

Answer 55

the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli must be greater than the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli must be less than the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood.

Question 56

Which of the following are the two most important control centers in the medulla for regulating breathing rhythm?

Answer 56

Ventral respiratory group; dorsal respiratory group

Question 57

The respiratory mucosa helps protect the respiratory system by:

Answer 57

trapping bacteria, moving contaminated mucus towards the pharynx, and having ciliated epithelium beat in only one direction.

Question 58

Which of the following is not true of the pleura?

Answer 58

An inflammation of the pleura is called a pneumothorax.

Question 59

Oxygen in the blood is carried most efficiently by

Answer 59

combining with hemoglobin in blood cells

Question 60

The paranasal sinuses

Answer 60

are lined with mucosa continuous with the nasal cavity, help lighten the weight of the skull bones, and acts as a resonant chamber for sound.

Question 61

The trachea

Answer 61

is also called the windpipe, contains C-shaped rings of cartilage, and is lined by respiratory mucosa.

Question 62

Which of the following structures is involved in the air distribution function of the respiratory system?

Answer 62

Trachea and bronchi

Question 63

When dehydration begins to occur:

Answer 63

the salivary secretions decrease.

Question 64

The fluid that surrounds the cells is called:

Answer 64

interstitial fluid

Question 65

The main water-pushing force in the blood capillaries is:

Answer 65

blood pressure.

Question 66

The most important negative ion in intracellular fluid is:

Answer 66

. | anionic proteins

Question 67

The organ that has the greatest effect on fluid output is the

Answer 67

kidney