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Anatomy > Ch 2 Chemistry Of Life > Flashcards

Ch 2 Chemistry Of Life Flashcards

(81 cards)

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1
Q

Anatomy and physiology are based on

A

Principals of chemistry

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2
Q

Biochemistry is devoted to

A

Studying chemical aspects of life

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3
Q

Matter is

A

Anything that occupies space and has mass

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4
Q

The smallest unit of matter is

A

Atom

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5
Q

Most chemicals are in the form of

A

Molecules

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6
Q

Molecules are

A

Particles of matter that are composed of one ore more atoms

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7
Q

Atoms are considered to be

A

The basic units of matter

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8
Q

What kind microscopes do atoms produce picture of?

A

Tunneling and atomic force

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9
Q

The 3 subatomic particles atoms are composed of are?

A

Protons, electrons and neutrons

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10
Q

At the core of each atom is a?

A

Nucleus

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11
Q

The number of protons in the nucleus is an

A

Atoms atomic number

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12
Q

The number of protons and neutrons combined is the

A

Atoms atomic mass

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13
Q

Orbitals are arranged into

A

Energy levels or shells

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14
Q

The energy level closest to the nucleus has

A

One orbital so it can hold 2 electrons

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15
Q

The next energy level has up to

A

4 orbitals, so it can hold 8 electrons

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16
Q

Substances can be classified as

A

Elements or compounds

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17
Q

The 4 kinds of atoms that make 96% of the human body are

A

Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen

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18
Q

Atoms unite with each other to form larger chemical units called

A

Molecules

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19
Q

Compounds are

A

Substances whose molecules have more than one element in them

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20
Q

Chemical bonds form to make

A

Atoms more stable

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21
Q

An atom is chemically stable when

A

Outer energy is full

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22
Q

Each element has its own

A

Atomic number

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23
Q

2 atoms that have the same atomic number but different atomic masses are

A

Isotopes

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24
Q

Hydrogen has 3 isotopes

A

H1 h2 h3

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25
The most common isotope is
Hydrogen
26
Radiation particles include
Proton, neutron, electrons
27
An isotope that emits radiation is called a
Radioactive isotope
28
Radioactive isotopes are used in
Nuclear medicine
29
Atoms make their outermost energy level full is to form
Ionic bonds with other atoms
30
A positive ion is an
Electrically charged Aton
31
A negative atom is called
Chloride
32
Compounds that form ions when dissolved in water are called
Electrolytes
33
Ions have important roles to play in
Muscle contraction and nerve signaling
34
When atoms share electrons a
Covalent bond form
35
What 4 elements share electrons to form covalent bonds?
Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen
36
Covalent bonding is used to form
All major organic compounds found in the body
37
All compounds in living organisms can be classified as either
Organic or inorganic
38
Water is an
Inorganic compound
39
Water is the most
Abundant compound in the body
40
A mixture is
A blend of 2 or more kinds of molecules
41
When water is the solvent for a mixture, the mixture is called
Aqueous solution
42
An aqueous solution containing common salt(NaC1) form
Internal sea of the body
43
Water molecules also participate in
Chemical reactions
44
Chemical reactions are
Interactions among molecules in which atoms regroup into new combinations
45
Hydrolysis is
A common reaction in the body that involves water
46
Water is also a
Product (dehydration synthesis) or reactant(hydrolysis)
47
Chemical reactions always involve
Energy transfers
48
Energy is required to build the
Molecules
49
Chemist often use a chemical equation to
Represent a chemical reaction
50
Acids and bases are compounds that
affect chemical reactions in the body
51
A strong acid is an acid that completely dissociates to form
H+ ions
52
A weak acid produces few
H+ ions in solution
53
When a strong acid and a strong base mix Excess H+ combine with excess OH- to form
water
54
The remaining ions form neutral ionic compounds called
Salts
55
Acidosis is
Low blood pH
56
Alkalosis is
High blood pH
57
Buffers are
Chemicals in the blood that maintain pH
58
4 major types of organic compounds found in the body are
Carbs, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
59
The name carbohydrate means
Carbon and water
60
The basic unit of many carbohydrate molecules is called
Monosaccharide
61
Glucose is an important
Monosaccharide in the body
62
A molecule made of 2 saccharide units is a
Double sugar or disaccharide
63
Saccharide units joined together form
Polysaccharides
64
The 3 major types of lipids included
Triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids
65
An important steroid lipid is a
Cholesterol
66
The 3 steroid hormone are
Estrogen, testosterone, and cortisone
67
Proteins are very large molecules composed of basic units called
Amino acid
68
All amino acid contains
Nitrogen (N)
69
Collagen is a
Protein with a fiber shape, holds most of the body tissues together
70
Keratin is a
Structural protein, forms a network of waterproof fibers in the outer layer of the skin
71
A high density of protein is called
High density lipoproteins (HDLs)
72
A molecule that contains less protein is called
Low density lipoprotein (LDL)
73
Atherosclerosis is
A life threatening blockage of arteries
74
The 2 forms of nucleic acid are
Deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) and ribonucleic acid (rna)
75
The basic building blocks of nucleic acids are called
Nucleotides
76
Each nucleotide consists of a
Phosphate, a unit of sugar, and a nitrogen base.
77
DNA nucleotide bases include
Adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine
78
Nucleotides bind to one another to form
Strands or other structures
79
Nucleotides are arranged in a twisted double strand called a
Double helix
80
The sequence of different nucleotides along the DNA double helix is the
Master code
81
ATP(adenosine triphosphate) is a
Modified nucleotide used to transfer energy from nutrients to cellular processes

Anatomy (9 decks)

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