Ch 3 Anatomy

Question 1

All cells are

Answer 1

Microscopic

Question 2

Cells differ notably in

Answer 2

Shape

Question 3

Cells contain

Answer 3

Cytoplasm

Question 4

Cytoplasm is

Answer 4

A substance found only in cells

Question 5

Organelles are specialized structures within the

Answer 5

Cytoplasm

Question 6

Cell interior is surrounded by

Answer 6

Plasma membrane

Question 7

Plasm means

Answer 7

Substance

Question 8

Each cell in the body is surrounded by a thin membrane, the

Answer 8

Plasma membrane

Question 9

Dilute saltwater solution called

Answer 9

Interstitial fluid (IF) or tissue fluid, which bathes every cell in the body

Question 10

An ovum is

Answer 10

Female sex cell

Question 11

Numerous specialized structures are called

Answer 11

Organelles. Contained within the cytoplasm

Question 12

A small circular body is called

Answer 12

Nucleus

Question 13

The 3 main parts of a cell are

Answer 13

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus

Question 14

The membrane that encloses the cytoplasm and forms outer boundary of the cells is called

Answer 14

Plasma membrane

Question 15

What are the 2 lipid-based molecules that make up the structure of the plasma membrane

Answer 15

Phospholipids and cholesterol

Question 16

A term that refers to a small structure inside the cell. Means “little organs”

Answer 16

Organelle

Question 17

The movement of substance across a cell membrane using cell energy is called

Answer 17

Active transport

Question 18

Is the movement of substances across the cell membrane without using cell energy is called

Answer 18

Passive transport

Question 19

The movement of fluids or dissolved molecules into the cell by trapping them in the plasma membrane is called

Answer 19

Pinocytosis

Question 20

Are 2 nucleic acids that are involved in transcription

Answer 20

DNA and mRNA

Question 21

The process in protein synthesis that uses the information in mRNA to build a protein molecule is called

Answer 21

Translation

Question 22

The process that forms the mRNA molecule is

Answer 22

Transcription

Question 23

I a segment of base pairs in a chromosome is called

Answer 23

Gene

Question 24

The total genetic information package in a cell is called

Answer 24

Genome

Question 25

Active transport mechanisms that move charged particles against their concentration gradient to concentrate them one one side of a plasma membrane is called

Answer 25

Ion pumps

Question 26

The 3 forms of passive transport are

Answer 26

Filtration, dialysis, and osmosis

Question 27

During this stage of mitosis, the chromosomes move away from the center of the cell

Answer 27

Anaphase

Question 28

During this stage of the cell cycle, DNA in the nucleus replicates

Answer 28

Interphase

Question 29

During this stage of mitosis, the chromosomes align in the center of the cell

Answer 29

Metaphase

Question 30

During this stage of mitosis, the chromatin condenses into chromosomes

Answer 30

Prophase

Question 31

During this stage of mitosis, the nuclear envelope and nuclei reappear

Answer 31

Telophase

Question 32

“Protein factories” in the cell, made of RNA

Answer 32

Ribosome

Question 33

Tubelike passages that carry substances through the cytoplasm

Answer 33

Endoscopic reticulum

Question 34

Directs protein synthesis, the brain of the cell

Answer 34

Nucleus

Question 35

2 identical cell results from

Answer 35

Cell division, growing tissue or replacing old or damaged cells

Question 36

Process by which daughter cells can specialize and form different kinds of tissue is called

Answer 36

Differentiation

Question 37

Abnormalities of mitotic division can produce

Answer 37

Benign or malignant neoplasm tumors

Question 38

A series of 3 nucleotide bases in mRNA that acts as a code for amino acid is

Answer 38

Codon

Question 39

Carries a specific amino acid and has an Anitcodon

Answer 39

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 40

Double standard DNA separates to form

Answer 40

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 41

RNA molecules are made from

Answer 41

Genes that do not code directly for proteins

Question 42

RNA molecules regulate

Answer 42

Cell processes, such as protein synthesis

Question 43

How many chromosomes does DNA have

Answer 43

46

Question 44

Proteins determine the

Answer 44

Structure and function of cells

Question 45

Phagocytosis (cell eating) engulfs

Answer 45

Large particles in a vesicle

Question 46

Pinocytosis (cell drinking) engulf

Answer 46

Fluids or dissolved substances into cells

Question 47

An ion pump is a

Answer 47

Protein complex in the cell membrane

Question 48

Ion pumps use energy from

Answer 48

ATP to move substances across cell

Question 49

Filtration is

Answer 49

Movement of water and solutes caused by hydrostatic pressure

Question 50

In osmosis

Answer 50

Water moves in a direction that produces equilibrium

Question 51

Moves substances into and out of cells

Answer 51

Transport process

Question 52

Single projections that act as “tails” of sperm cells

Answer 52

Flagella

Question 53

Hairlike extensions with inner microtubules found on free or exposed surfaces of all cells

Answer 53

Cilia

Question 54

Short extension of the plasma membrane that increase surface area and produce slight movements

Answer 54

Microvilli

Question 55

Nuclear chromosomes contain

Answer 55

DNA which contains the genetic code

Question 56

DNA molecules become tightly coiled chromosomes during

Answer 56

Cell division

Question 57

Paired organelles that lie at right angles to each other within the centrosome

Answer 57

Centrioles

Question 58

Often called power plants of the cell

Answer 58

Mitochondria

Question 59

Called the chemical processing and packaging center

Answer 59

Golgi apparatus

Question 60

Rough ER does what

Answer 60

Collects, folds, and transport

Question 61

Smooth ER does what

Answer 61

Synthesizes chemicals, makes new membranes

Question 62

Cytoskeleton is made up of

Answer 62

Microfilament and microtubules

Question 63

Plasma membrane forms

Answer 63

Outer boundary of cell

Question 64

Phago means

Answer 64

To eat

Question 65

Pino means

Answer 65

To drink