CH. 13 Evolution Flashcards by Megan Costa

Which type of natural selection favors individuals with one extreme phenotype?

A. Stabilizing selection
B. Directional selection
C. Disruptive selection
D. Balancing selection

B. Directional selection

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Disruptive selection leads to which of the following over time?
A. A more stable population
B. Increased average phenotype
C. Two or more extreme phenotypes becoming more common
D. Elimination of all mutations

C. Two or more extreme phenotypes becoming more common

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In stabilizing selection, which individuals are most likely to survive and reproduce?
A. Those with the rarest phenotypes
B. Those with average phenotypes
C. Those with the most extreme traits
D. Those that mutate most rapidly

B. Those with average phenotypes

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Which of the following is NOT a condition required for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
A. Large population size
B. No mutations
C. Natural selection occurs
D. Random mating

C. Natural selection occurs

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In the equation p² + 2pq + q² = 1, what does 2pq represent?
A. Homozygous dominant genotype
B. Homozygous recessive genotype
C. Heterozygous genotype frequency
D. Dominant allele frequency

C. Heterozygous genotype frequency

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within a population of butterflies, the color brown is dominant over the white butterflies (36%) of all the butterflies are white. What is the homozygous frequency?
A. 0.16
B. 0.24
C. 0.48
D. 0.36

A. 0.16
1. SQUARE 0.36 = 0.6
2. 1- 0.6 = 0.4
3. 0.4 X 2 = 0.16

Explanation: 2pq = 2(0.6)(0.4) = 0.48

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Who proposed the idea that acquired traits are passed on to offspring?
A. Charles Darwin
B. Georges Cuvier
C. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
D. Alfred Wallace

C. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

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What concept did Darwin emphasize in his theory of natural selection?
A. Inheritance of acquired traits
B. Genetic drift
C. Survival of the fittest
D. Sudden mutation

C. Survival of the fittest

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What term describes the process in which traits that improve survival or reproduction increase in frequency over generations?
A. Mutation
B. Natural selection
C. Genetic drift
D. Gene flow

B. Natural selection

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Which type of evidence involves comparing embryos of different species?
A. Genetics
B. Fossil record
C. Comparative embryology
D. Biogeography

C. Comparative embryology

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What type of comparative anatomy involves structures that are similar in appearance but have different functions?
A. Analogous structures
B. Vestigial structures
C. Homologous structures
D. Transitional structures

A. Analogous structures

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Which technique compares nucleic acid sequences to determine relatedness among species?
A. Radiometric dating
B. Biochemical techniques
C. Fossil comparison
D. Embryo mapping

B. Biochemical techniques

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The human appendix is an example of what type of structure?
A. Analogous
B. Vestigial
C. Homologous
D. Convergent

B. Vestigial

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The wings of a bird and the wings of a mosquito are examples of what type of structure?
A. Vestigial
B. Analogous
C. Homologous
D. Adaptive

B. Analogous

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Dolphin fins and human arms are examples of what type of anatomical structure?
A. Homologous
B. Analogous
C. Vestigial
D. Derived

A. Homologous

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What is the primary result of the bottleneck effect?
A. Increase in mutations
B. Sharp reduction in genetic diversity
C. Increase in speciation
D. Elimination of selection pressure

B. Sharp reduction in genetic diversity

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What is the founder effect?
A. Evolution through selective pressure
B. only a few organisms migrate from a large population to a small population
C. Mutation of dominant alleles
D. Gene flow through migration

B. only a few organisms migrate from a large population to a small population

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Which type of microevolution involves choosing mates based on similarity or dissimilarity?
A. Genetic drift
B. Natural selection
C. Assortative mating
D. Mutation

C. Assortative mating

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If tall individuals preferentially mate with other tall individuals, what type of assortative mating is this?
A. Negative assortative mating
B. Random mating
C. Positive assortative mating
D. Disruptive mating

C. Positive assortative mating

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What microevolutionary force is described as a random change in allele frequency in a small population?
A. Natural selection
B. Gene flow
C. Genetic drift
D. Stabilizing selection

C. Genetic drift

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What is the key mechanism that prevents gene flow between two species and allows speciation to occur?
A. Genetic drift
B. Reproductive isolation
C. Natural selection
D. Mutations

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B. Reproductive isolation

Which of the following is a prezygotic barrier?
A. Reduced hybrid fertility
B. Temporal isolation
C. Hybrid breakdown
D. Hybrid sterility

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B. Temporal isolation

What best describes mechanical isolation?
A. Sperm cannot fertilize egg
B. Incompatible reproductive anatomy
C. Mate at different seasons
D. Do not find each other attractive

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B. Incompatible reproductive anatomy

Which is a postzygotic barrier that results in offspring being sterile, such as a mule?
A. Behavioral isolation
B. Reduced hybrid fertility
C. Habitat isolation
D. Temporal isolation

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B. Reduced hybrid fertility

What pattern of evolution occurs when two related species diverge and become different over time? A. Divergent evolution B. Convergent evolution C. Parallel evolution D. Coevolution

A. Divergent evolution

Wings in birds, bats, and insects are examples of: A. Homologous structures B. Analogous structures C. Vestigial structures D. Divergent traits

B. Analogous structures

What type of evolution describes two organisms that are not related but overtime seem to be related? A. Divergent evolution B. Convergent evolution C. Parallel evolution D. Coevolution

B. Convergent evolution

What is an example of coevolution? A. Camouflage and predator detection B. Adaptive radiation C. Habitat isolation D. Genetic drift

A. Camouflage and predator detection

In Müllerian mimicry: A. A harmless species mimics a harmful one B. Two harmful species resemble each other C. Species live in similar habitats D. One species gains camouflage

B. Two harmful species resemble each other

What evolutionary theory proposes long periods of stasis followed by short bursts of rapid change? A. Gradualism B. Adaptive radiation C. Punctuated equilibrium D. Convergent evolution

C. Punctuated equilibrium

According to phyletic gradualism, evolution occurs: A. Through hybridization B. Slowly and steadily over time C. With sudden drastic mutations D. Only with environmental catastrophe

B. Slowly and steadily over time

What experiment simulated early Earth conditions and supported the Primordial Soup Theory? A. Miller-Urey Experiment B. Griffith Transformation C. Hershey-Chase Experiment D. Pasteur’s Broth Experiment

A. Miller-Urey Experiment

According to the Primordial Soup Theory, organic molecules formed from: A. Inorganic gases and lightning B. Fossil fuels C. Volcanic magma D. Microbial activity

A. Inorganic gases and lightning

The first autotrophic prokaryotes were: A. Cyanobacteria B. Archaea C. Heterotrophic bacteria D. Algae

A. Cyanobacteria

Which came first in Earth’s history? A. Amphibians B. Arthropods C. Reptiles D. Mammals

B. Arthropods

According to the DAT mnemonic “A Real Bad Mama,” what is the correct evolutionary order? A. Mammals → Birds → Amphibians → Reptiles B. Amphibians → Reptiles → Birds → Mammals C. Reptiles → Amphibians → Mammals → Birds D. Birds → Mammals → Amphibians → Reptiles

B. Amphibians → Reptiles → Birds → Mammals

Earth’s early atmosphere was: A. Oxygen-rich B. Reducing and lacked oxygen C. Composed of ozone and CO2 D. Mostly hydrogen peroxide

B. Reducing and lacked oxygen

Which gases were present in Earth’s early atmosphere? A. Oxygen and ozone B. Methane, ammonia, water vapor, carbon monoxide C. Argon and neon only D. Oxygen and carbon dioxide

B. Methane, ammonia, water vapor, carbon monoxide

What type of speciation occurs when a barrier formed between two populations that are breeding? A. Allopatric speciation B. Sympatric speciation C. Balanced polymorphism D. Genetic drift

A. Allopatric speciation

Sympatric speciation can result from: A. Temporal isolation B. Habitat differences C. Polyploidy and hybridization D. Mechanical isolation

C. Polyploidy and hybridization

Which of the following terms refers to an animal that appears to be harmful but is not? Camouflage Aposematic coloration Batesian mimicry Mullerian mimicry

Batesian mimicry

Which of the following types of selection prefers rare and extreme traits instead of normal traits? Stabilizing Selection Disruptive Selection Directional Selection Sexual Selection

Disruptive Selection

Which of the following types of isolation does not belong to prezygotic isolating mechanism? Hybrid Isolation Habitat Isolation Behavioral Isolation Mechanical Isolation Gametic Isolation

Hybrid Isolation

What type of breeding refers to breeding with individuals that are not related? Outbreeding Inbreeding Sexual Selection Nonrandom Mating All of the Above

Outbreeding

The most abundant gas in today's atmosphere is? Argon Oxygen Silicon Nitrogen Magnesium

Nitrogen In today's atmosphere, there is nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), and argon (1%) present. The most abundant gas in today's atmosphere is Nitrogen since it makes up 78%

Both butterflies and bats have wings but do not share common ancestor. Which of the following describes the relationship between the two types of wings? A. Vestigial Structure B. Homologous Structure C. Analogous Structure D. Embryological Similarities

C. Analogous Structure

A man that develops his arm strength produces offspring that have even greater arm strength. Which theory is correctly matched with the above example? A. Darwin B. Lamarck C. Cuviers Catastrophism D. Malthusian theory of pop growth

B. Lamarck

The max. amount of a fish species increases, but new predator can eat the smaller members which type of selection matches with the above statement? A. Sexual Selection B. Disruptive C. Directional D. Stabilizing

C. Directional - favors one extreme over the other

within a population of butterflies, the color brown is dominant over the white butterflies (36%) of all the butterflies are white. What is the heterozygous frequency? A. 0.48 B. 0.60 C. 0.16 D. 0.36

A. 0.48 1. NEED TO SQUARE 0.36 = 0.6 2. 1-0.6 = 0.4 3. HETERO pq 2 x 0.4 x 0.6 = 0.48

Two organisms from different species mate, and their resulting offspring cannot reproduce their own offspring. This is an example of? A. Hybrid Mortality B. Gamete Isolation C. Hybrid Sterility D. Mechanical Solution

C. Hybrid Sterility

A population of owls were separated by a river. Their feature became more different from one another and they evolved independently from each other over time. These two populations became known as the Mexican spotted owl and the Northern Spotted owl. Which mode of evolution took place ? A. Disruptive Selection B. Adaptive Radiation C. Sympatric Speciation D. Allopatric Speciation

D. Allopatric Speciation

Coral snaked and king snakes have similar coloration. Coral snakes are quite venemous, but King snakes are harmless. Which one matches with the above statement? A. Mullerian Mimicry B. Aposematic Coloration C. Convergent Evolution D. Batesian Mimicry

D. Batesian Mimicry A. diff poisonous species start to resemble each other B. vibrate colors of poisonous species D. non-harmful animal mimics colors of a harmful animal : )

CH. 13 Evolution Flashcards

(52 cards)