CH 16 : Motivation Theory and Practice

Question 1

lower order needs

Answer 1

physiological, safety, social concern, fokus ke keinginan utk physical dan social well being

Question 2

higher order needs

Answer 2

esteem dan self-actualization concern, fokus ke psychological development and growth

Question 3

deficit principle

Answer 3

keburuhan yang terpuaskan tidak lagi memotivasi perilaku

Question 4

progression principle

Answer 4

kebutuhan dlm satu level tidak mjd aktif hingga next lower level need dlm hierari sdh terpuaskan (step by step)

Question 5

existence needs

Answer 5

keinginan utk psychological dan material well being

Question 6

relatedness needs

Answer 6

keinginan memuaskan interpersonal relationship

Question 7

growth needs

Answer 7

keinginan utk terusan psychological growth dan development

Question 8

frustration-regression principle

Answer 8

kebutuhan yg sdh terpuaskan dpt kembali diaktifkan dan memengaruhi perilaku ketika higher level need tdk dpt dipuaskan

Question 9

satisfier factor

Answer 9

dlm konten pekerjaan spt tgg jawab, peluang kemajuam, personal growth

Question 10

hygiene factor

Answer 10

dalam konteks pekerjaan spt working condition , interpersonal relation, organizational policies

Question 11

need for achievement

Answer 11

keinginan melakukan sst dgn lbh baik/efisien, menyelesaikan masalah atau menguasai pekerjaan kompleks

Question 12

need for power

Answer 12

keinginan mengontrol seseorang, memengaruhi sikap, menjadi bertgg jawab utk mereka

Question 13

need for personal power

Answer 13

ecploitative dan melibatkan manipulation demi personal gratification

Question 14

need for social power

Answer 14

menggunakan power dlm tgg jwb sosial yg mengarah ke tujuan grup

Question 15

need for affiliation

Answer 15

keinginan mendirikan dan menetapkan relasi yg dekat dgn org lain

Question 16

equity dan social comparison

Answer 16

org membandingkan outcome to inputs ratio merka ke outcomes to input ratio org lain

Question 17

equity dinamics

Answer 17

individu melihat bhw dia diperlakukan tdk adil dan termotivasi utk bertindak dlm cara yg mengurangi perceived inequity

Question 18

over reward inequity

Answer 18

individu melihat bhw yg mereka terima lebih dari ap yg adil

Question 19

under reward inequity

Answer 19

reward mereka terima kurang dari yg lain

Question 20

equity sensitivity

Answer 20

org pny preferensi berbeda dlm equity shg pny pandangan beda

Question 21

benevolent

Answer 21

tdk peduli bila under reward, justru tdk nyaman bila di over reward

Question 22

sensitives

Answer 22

pny preference kuat ttg pembagian reward yg adil

Question 23

entitleds

Answer 23

keinginan utk di over reward

Question 24

expectancy

Answer 24

kepercayaan bhw kerja keras akan menghasilkan tingkat kinerja yg diinginkan

Question 25

instrumentality

Answer 25

org percaya bhw successful performance diikuti reward dan work-related outcomes

Question 26

valence

Answer 26

nilai yg diberikan ssorg utk penghargaan dan other work related outcomes

Question 27

motivation=

Answer 27

expectancy X instrumentality X valence

Question 28

high expectancies

Answer 28

memilih capable workers, dilatih dan support dgn baik

Question 29

high instrumentalities

Answer 29

menjelaskan bhw reward diterima dr performance, memberi reward dlm performance contingent basis

Question 30

positive valence

Answer 30

identifikasi kebutuhan individu, menawarkan reward yg memuaskan kebutuhan

Question 31

goal setting essential

Answer 31

task goal dpt memotivasi dgn tinggi jika dibuat dgn benar dan well managed

Question 32

goal setting downside

Answer 32

goal yg ditetapkan scr buruk bisa pny downside, mengubah motivasi menjadi performace negatives

Question 33

self efficiacy

Answer 33

org percaya kalau dia bisa melakukan pekerjaan

Question 34

enactive mastery

Answer 34

ketika ssorg menambah kepercayaan diri melalui pengalaman positf

Question 35

vicarious modeling

Answer 35

belajar dgn memerhatikan yg lain

Question 36

verbal persuasion

Answer 36

ssorg memberi tau bhw kita bisa atau mendukung

Question 37

emotional arousal

Answer 37

diberi energi utk melakukan dgn baik dlm suatu situasi

Question 38

reinforcement theory

Answer 38

melihat ke impact dr lingkungan luar

Question 39

the law of effect

Answer 39

perilaku diikuti dengan konsekuensi yg menyenangkan yg kemungkinan akan diulang, sedangkan bila konsekuensi tdk maka tdk diulang

Question 40

operant conditioning

Answer 40

kontrol perilaku dgn memanipulasi konsekuensi

Question 41

positive reinforcement

Answer 41

menguatkan/menambah frekuensi dr desirable behavior

Question 42

negative reinforcement

Answer 42

menguatkan/menambah frekuensi dr desirable behavior tapi melalui penghindaran dr konsekuensi yg tdk menyenangkan

Question 43

extinction

Answer 43

mengurangi/menghilangkan undesirable behavior tp melalui penghapusan kontigen dari konsekuensi yg menyenangkan

Question 44

shaping

Answer 44

positive reinforcement dr successive apporoximation to the desired behavior

Question 45

continuous reinforcement

Answer 45

memberi reward setiap desired behavior terjadi

Question 46

intermittent reinforcement

Answer 46

member reward perilaku secara periodik

Question 47

law of contingent reinforcement

Answer 47

menyatakan bhw reward hny hrs diberikan ketike desired behavior tjd

Question 48

law of immediate reinforcement

Answer 48

reward hrs diberikan segera setelah desired behavior tjd

Question 49

job design

Answer 49

mengatur work tsks utk individual dan grup

Question 50

job simplification

Answer 50

mempekerjakan org dlm tugas yg ditentukan dgn jelas dan terspesialisasi

Question 51

job rotation

Answer 51

meningkatkan variasi tugas dgn berpindah scr berkala

Question 52

job enlargement

Answer 52

menggabungkan2 tugas atau lebih menjadi satu, bentuk dr horizontal loading

Question 53

job enrichment

Answer 53

menambah perencanaan kerja dan mengevaluasi tugas yg biasa dilakukan supervisor bentuk dari vertical loading

Question 54

skill variety

Answer 54

pekerjaan butuh variasi dari aktivitas berbeda utk menjalankan tugas

Question 55

task identity

Answer 55

pekerjaan butuh penyelesaian scr keseluruhan

Question 56

task significance

Answer 56

pekerjaan pny impact dalam kehidupan/pekerjaan org lain di luar organisasi

Question 57

autonomy

Answer 57

pekerjaan memberikan individual freedom, independence, kebijaksanaan dlm mengatur jadwal kerja

Question 58

feedback from the job itself

Answer 58

pekerjaan dibutuhkan job result dan memperoleh info jelas ttg job performance mereka

Question 59

compressed workweek

Answer 59

jadwal kerja yg memungkinkan full time job diselesaikan krg dr wkt 5 hari

Question 60

job sharing

Answer 60

memecah 1 pekerjaan mjd 2 org

Question 61

contingency and part-time work

Answer 61

dipekerjakan scr paruh wkt dan sementara utk menambah tenaga kerja tetap