Ch. 17 - Blood

Question 0

List the general characteristics of leukocytes.

Answer 0

Spherical, nucleated, only formed elements that are complete cells, less than 1% of total blood volume, not all have granules (granulocytes & agranulocytes), very specialized, not all phagocytic

Question 1

In the development of basophil, what is the precursor of the basophil?

Answer 1

Myeloblast

Question 2

What is the most abundant plasma protein?

Answer 2

Albumin

Question 3

What is the correct sequence of hemostasis?

Answer 3

Formation of thromboplastin ➡️ produce prothrombin ➡️ prothrombin becomes thrombin ➡️ fibrinogen ➡️ fibrin ➡️ clot retraction

Question 4

What triggers erythropoiesis?

Answer 4

EPO, low amounts of oxygen in tissue

Question 5

Which leukocytes are granulocytes and which ones are agranulocytes?

Answer 5

GRANULOCYTES - neutrophils, eosinophils, & basophils

AGRANULOCYTES - lymphocytes & monocytes

Question 6

What are the functions of blood? Regulatory

Answer 6

Regulate body temperature and pH

Question 7

What are the symptoms or results of thromboembolic disorders?

Answer 7

Embolus - moving clot, travels throughout circulatory system

Question 8

What are some complications of aplastic anemia?

Answer 8

Blood clotting, immunity defect, bone marrow disruption, bleeding disorders

Question 9

What are the characteristics of polycythemia?

Answer 9

Increased blood volume, high blood pressure, high viscosity (sluggish), high hemotocrit

Question 10

What are some age related blood disorders?

Answer 10

Anemias, thromboembolic disorders

Question 11

What is the normal pH of blood?

Answer 11

7.35 - 7.45

Question 12

What happens to blood cells as they age?

Answer 12

Become damaged, wear out

Question 13

What is the developmental sequence leading up to a late erythrocyte?

Answer 13

Proerythroblast, late erythroblast, normoblast, reticulocyte

Question 14

What conditions can impair coagulation?

Answer 14

Hypocalcemia, liver disease, vitamin K deficiency

Question 15

What are the main plasma proteins?

Answer 15

Albumin, gamma & beta globins, fibrinogen

Question 16

What organ regulates erythrocyte production?

Answer 16

Kidney

Question 17

What are the general characteristics of platelets?

Answer 17

Life span = 5-10 days, cytoplasmic fragments with no nucleus, contain granules, help seal off breaks, stick to damaged areas

Question 18

What are the general characteristics of plasma?

Answer 18

Straw-colored, sticky fluid; 90% water; main protein is albumin

Question 19

Where does blood formation occur in adults and in fetal development?

Answer 19

ADULTS - red marrow

FETAL - mainly liver

Question 20

What are the phases of erythropoiesis?

Answer 20

Has to have ribosomes ➡️ ribosomes produce hemoglobin ➡️ hemoglobin dumps organelles

Question 21

What is a normal hemoglobin measurement in blood?

Answer 21

About 16 g/100 ml

Question 22

Why is iron not stored or transplanted in its free form? In what form is it stored or transported in blood?

Answer 22

Iron alone is toxic to body cells. Stored as protein-iron compound called ferritin or hemosiderin.

Question 23

Why is blood a connective tissue?

Answer 23

Has cells and liquid components

Question 24

Which leukocyte phagocytizes bacteria?

Answer 24

Neutrophils

Question 25

What is the buffy coat found in centrifuged whole blood?

Answer 25

Leukocytes & platelets

Question 26

Name the granulocytes, what percent they are found in whole blood, and their life spans.

Answer 26

``` Neutrophils = 50-70% = 6-9 days Eosinophils = 2-4% = 6-9 days Basophils = 0.5-1% = 3-7 days ```

Question 27

What happens during the normoblast phase in the development of an erythrocyte?

Answer 27

Dumps nucleus

Question 28

What is the most common white blood cell found in whole blood?

Answer 28

Neutrophils

Question 29

What determines if blood is bright red or a dull, dark red?

Answer 29

Oxygen

Question 30

Where and how is iron stored in the body?

Answer 30

Stored in hemoglobin & liver. Stored in compounds

Question 31

What is leukemia?

Answer 31

Group of cancerous conditions involving white blood cells

Question 32

What is hemoglobin made of? How many molecules of oxygen can it transport?

Answer 32

Protein globin bound to red heme pigment. 4 molecules of oxygen

Question 33

How do leukocytes move through the circulatory system?

Answer 33

Diapedesis

Question 34

Where is the RBC graveyard?

Answer 34

Spleen

Question 35

What is diapedesis? Leukopenia?

Answer 35

DIAPEDESIS - passage of WBCs through intact vessel walls into tissue or cells LEUKOPENIA - abnormally low white blood cell count

Question 36

What is hemorrhagic anemia?

Answer 36

Result from large amounts of blood loss

Question 37

ESSAY: What are the characteristics of iron deficiency anemia?

Answer 37

Produce microcytes - small & pale erythrocytes, tired, pale, short of breath, mucus membranes pale

Question 38

ESSAY: What are the characteristics of mono?

Answer 38

Enlarged spleen, sore throat, fever, no energy, tired, achy

Question 39

ESSAY: Why would there be a cause for concern if a young pregnant mother is Rh negative, her husband is Rh positive, and this is their 2nd child?

Answer 39

Mother built immunity with 1st child, mother's anibodies will cross over placenta wall and destroy baby's RBCs (don't need ➡️) unless treated with RhoGam to block mother's immune response, don't produce anibodies