Ch. 27 - Reproductive

Question 0

What would happen if FSH was not released, but LH is?

Answer 0

No sperm or egg release, sterile

Question 1

How are egg and sperm similar?

Answer 1

Both have 23 chromosomes

Question 2

What does the secretion of progesterone stimulate?

Answer 2

Produces mucus layer on uterus, prepares mammary glands to lactate

Question 3

What are the male secondary sex characteristics?

Answer 3

Appearance of body hair, deepening of voice, bones grow and increase in density, skeletal muscles increase in size and mass

Question 4

List characteristics of mammary glands?

Answer 4

Mainly made of fat, role is to produce milk

Question 5

Testes info:

Sertoli, tunica vaginalis, interstitial cells, seminiferous tubules

Answer 5

Sertoli - nurse cells, care for sperm
Tunica Vaginalis - testes surrounded by it
Interstitial Cells - produce testosterone
Seminiferous Tubules - produce sperm, coiled in testes

Question 6

Where does fertilization occur?

Answer 6

Fallopian (uterine) tubes

Question 7

General information about the female reproductive process.

Answer 7

Ovulation - usually 14 days; menstraution - due to reduction of hormones - estrogen and progesterone

Question 8

What do the dartos and cremaster muscles control?

Answer 8

Temperature of testes

Question 9

What moves the sperm cells through the ductus deferens?

Answer 9

Peristalsis (contractions)

Question 10

Info about seminal vesicles.

Answer 10

Produce 60% of fluid for semen, high in fructose, shape and length of little finger, on posterior of bladder

Question 11

What is the corpus luteum?

Answer 11

Follows ovulation, ruptured part after egg is released

Question 12

What happens to the 3 polar bodies and where do they come from?

Answer 12

Broken down by female body. Come from meiosis

Question 13

Characteristics about the male sperm.

Answer 13

23 chromosomes, half have X, half have Y, has mitochondria and acrosomes

Question 14

Most important risk for testicular cancer in young males.

Answer 14

Testes don’t drop (cryptorchidism)

Question 15

Functions of testosterone.

Answer 15

Gives male secondary sex characteristics

Question 16

Explain hormonal events of the ovarian cycle.

Answer 16

LH released when have high estrogen levels

Question 17

When does menstraution occur - hormonally?

Answer 17

When estrogen and progesterone decrease

Question 18

Function of the uterus.

Answer 18

Receive and nourish fertilized egg.

Question 19

What glands produce semen? How much of it is produced by each gland?

Answer 19

Prostate - 30%, seminal vesicles - 60%, bulbourethral glands - 5-8%

Question 20

What are the effects of estrogen on the female body?

Answer 20

Breasts, menstraution

Question 21

What are the effects of low LH on males?

Answer 21

Decrease testosterone

Question 22

What is the duct system in males?

Answer 22

Ductus deferens, epididymis

Question 23

What signals the corpus luteum to continue producing hormone if the oocyte is fertilized?

Answer 23

HCG

Question 24

What portion of the endometrium remains each month?

Answer 24

Stratum basalis

Question 25

What is a vasectomy?

Answer 25

Cutting of the ductus (vas) deferens

Question 26

What does the midpiece of the sperm tail contain?

Answer 26

Mitochondria

Question 27

What is the purpose of the bulbourethral glands?

Answer 27

Neutralize acids in vagina

Question 28

What is the function of nurse cells of the testes?

Answer 28

Nourish newly formed sperm

Question 29

What is the purpose of a Pap smear?

Answer 29

Look for cervical cancer cells or STDs

Question 30

If a male has a low sperm count, what would you look for in determining why?

Answer 30

STDs, low hormone levels, tight genes

Question 31

Why would a woman’s tubes be closed?

Answer 31

Due to STD

Question 32

Describe the proliferative phase of the female menstrual cycle.

Answer 32

Cervical mucus is thick; endometrium rebuilds itself

Question 33

Describe the stages of the uterine cycle.

Answer 33

Days 1-5: menstrual phase
- uterus sheds endometrium
- bleeding for 3-5 days
Days 6-14: proliferative (preovulatory) phase
- endometrium rebuilds itself
- cervical mucus is thick and sticky, but rising estrogen levels will thin it out
Days 15-28: secretory (postovulatory) phase
- most constant time wise
- increases progesterone to increase functional layer to a secretory mucosa

Question 34

Characteristics about Gonorrhea.

Answer 34

• Bacteria - neisseria gonnorheae
• invades the mucosa of the reproductive and urinary tracts
• commonly called “the clap”
• treated with antibiotics - penicillin, tetracycline, etc
• becoming resistant

Question 35

Characteristics about syphilis.

Answer 35

• Caused by treponema pallidum
• can be passed on by mother during delivery
• incubation period of 2-3 weeks
• if untreated pink rash appears all over body
• dissappear in 3-12 weeks
• latent period - May last a lifetime or may be killed by immune system
• treated by penicillin

Question 36

Characteristics of chlamydia.

Answer 36

• chlamydia trachomatis
• most common due to its silence
• 20-30% of those that have gonorrhea, have chlamydia
• incubation period of 1 week
• treated with tetracycline

Question 37

Characteristics of trichonomiasis.

Answer 37

• most common curable std
• parasitic
• easily and inexpensively treated
• yellow-green vaginal discharge with strong odor
• usually no symptoms

Question 38

Characteristics of genital warts.

Answer 38

• Human papillomavirus (hpv)
• 2nd most common std
• increases chances for cancers in affected region
• can be left to treat self, or laser surgery

Question 39

Characteristics of genital herpes.

Answer 39

• most difficult to control
• remain silent for weeks or years and then suddenly flare up
• blister like lesions - more of a nuisance than a threat
• most people don’t know it
• acyclovir speeds up healing of lesions and reduces flare up of outbreaks