Ch. 23 - The Digestive System Flashcards
(31 cards)
Define digestion.
The breakdown of food into smaller molecules.
2 types
Mechanical = the physical processes of digestion (chewing, peristalsis, churning)
Chemical = use of enzymes to breakdown food (metabolism)
Where is chyme created?
The stomach
What are mesentaries?
Hold digestive tract in place.
A double layer of peritoneum, a sheet of 2 serous membranes fused back to back, that extends to the digestive organs from the body wall.
Define chemical digestion.
The use of enzymes to breakdown food (metabolism)
What secretes pepsinogen?
Chief cells of stomach.
Define catabolism.
All processes that breakdown complex structures to simpler ones.
What cells of the stomach secrete hydrochloride acid?
Parietal cells
Define constipation. What are some possible causes of each?
When food remains in the colon for extended periods, too much water is absorbed and the stool becomes hard and difficult to pass.
Lack of fiber, improper bowel habits, lack of exercise, emotional upset, or laxative abuse.
Define diarrhea. What are some possible causes of each?
Watery stools.
Result from any condition that rushes food residue through the large intestine before that organ has had sufficient time to absorb the remaining water, irritation of the colon by bacteria, or prolonged physical jostling of the digestive viscera.
What is the longest portion of the small intestine?
The ileum ~ 3.6 m (12 ft)
What is heartburn and what causes it?
The first symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease. The burning, radiating substernal pain that occurs when the acidic gastric juice regurgitates into the esophagus. Conditions that force abdominal contents superiorly. Eating or drinking to excess, extreme obesity, pregnancy, and running.
What gland would be active in helping digest French fries, buttered toast, ice cream, and whole milk?
Pancreas
What are peristaltic waves responsible for?
Propels food forward
What type of digestion would be most affected if the liver were severely damaged?
Lipids
What is the first layer of the small intestine (on the outside)?
Duodenum
Which of the following enzymes is specific for proteins - lipase, dextrinase, amylase, trypsin?
Trypsin
What is the terminal portion of the small intestine?
Ileum
How is salivation controlled?
Autonomic nervous system
What is bile and where is it produced? What is it’s digestive function? Where is it stored and concentrated?
A yellow-green, alkaline solution containing bile salts, bile pigments, cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, and a variety of electrolytes.
Liver
Breakdown lipids
Gallbladder
What is another word for vomiting?
Emesis
What is appendicitis? How is it treated?
Acute inflammation of the appendix.
Surgically remove appendix.
Causes nausea, vomiting, and severe pain.
What is cirrhosis of the liver? Why do the changes occur?
Liver tissue turns to fibrous tissue. A progressive chronic inflammation of the liver that typically results from alcoholism or severe hepatitis.
What is regulated in the blood by the active form of vitamin D?
Calcium
What does the hepatopancreatic ampulla do?
Delivers bile and pancreatic juice from liver and pancreas to small intestine.
