Ch. 17 - Blood

Question 1

2 things is blood made up of:

Answer 1

• plasma

* formed elements

Question 2

Blood is a complex __________ system that performs vital __________ and __________ services for the body

Answer 2

• transport
  
  • pickup
  • delivery

Question 3

What is the keystone of the body’s heat-regulating mechanism

Answer 3

blood

Question 4

This varies according to age, body type, sex and method of measurement

Answer 4

blood volume

Question 5

3 formed elements of blood

Answer 5

• Red blood cells (RBCs; erythrocytes)
  
  • White blood cells (WBCs; leukocytes)
  • Platelets

Question 6

These cells have no nucleus and are shaped like tiny biconcave disks

Answer 6

RBCs

Question 7

These cells do not contain ribosomes, mitochondria and other organelles typical of most body cells

Answer 7

RBCs

Question 8

The primary component of this cell is hemoglobin

Answer 8

RBCs

Question 9

This type of cell is the most numerous component of the formed elements of blood

Answer 9

RBCs

Question 10

What is the critical function of RBCs & what molecule is responsible for this?

Answer 10

• transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

* hemoglobin

Question 11

This enzyme found in RBCs catalyzes a reaction that joins carbon dioxide to water and forms carbonic acid:

Answer 11

Carbonic anhydrase (CA)

Question 12

This acid disassociates and generates bicarbonate ions which diffuse out of the RBC and serve to transport CO2 in the blood plasma

Answer 12

Carbonic acid

Question 13

There are approximately 200-300 million of this molecule within each RBC

Answer 13

hemoglobin

Question 14

Hemoglobin is made up of 4 ____________ __________ and attached to 1 __________ ___________

Answer 14

• globin chains

* heme group

Question 15

Hemoglobin is able to transport _____ oxygen molecules, forming ___________________.

Answer 15

• 4

* oxyhemoglobin

Question 16

True or false? A male has a lesser amount of hemoglobin than a female.

Answer 16

false

Question 17

A decrease in the number or volume of functional RBCs in a given unit of whole blood

Answer 17

anemia

Question 18

Entire process of RBC formation is known as this:

Answer 18

erythropoiesis

Question 19

RBC formation begins in the red bone marrow as these:

Answer 19

hematopoietic stem cells

Question 20

Entire RBC maturation process takes approximately ______ days

Answer 20

4

Question 21

Adult RBC creation and destruction rate is approximately ____ ___________/minute

Answer 21

100 million/minute

Question 22

_____________ mechanism operates to balance the number of cells formed against the number of cells destroyed

Answer 22

homeostatic

Question 23

Average lifespan of a circulating RBC:

Answer 23

105 - 120 days

Question 24

Aged, abnormal or fragmented RBCs are destroyed through phagocytosis by _____________ cells

Answer 24

macrophage

Question 25

3 components released through the breakdown of hemoglobin:

Answer 25

* amino acids * iron * bilirubin

Question 26

2 types of WBCs

Answer 26

* Granulocytes | * Agranulocytes

Question 27

3 types of granulocytes

Answer 27

* neutrophils * eosinophils * basophils

Question 28

2 types of a agranulocytes

Answer 28

* lymphocytes | * monocytes

Question 29

This granulocyte makes up approximately 65% of total WBC count in a normal blood sample

Answer 29

neutrophil

Question 30

These granulocytes are highly mobile and very active phagocytic cells

Answer 30

neutrophils

Question 31

This granulocyte is capable of diapedesis

Answer 31

neutrophil

Question 32

The cytoplasmic granules in this granulocyte contain lysosomes

Answer 32

neutrophil

Question 33

This granulocyte accounts for 2-5% of circulating WBCs

Answer 33

eosinophil

Question 34

Numerous quantities of this granulocyte are found lining the respiratory and digestive tracts

Answer 34

eosinophil

Question 35

These granulocytes are weak phagocytes and are capable of ingesting inflammatory chemicals and proteins associated with antigen-antibody reaction complexes.

Answer 35

eosinophil

Question 36

This granulocyte provides protection against infections caused by parasitic worms and allergic reactions

Answer 36

eosinophil

Question 37

This granulocyte accounts for only 0.5-1% of circulating WBCs, is motile & capable of diapedesis

Answer 37

basophil

Question 38

This granulocyte has cytoplasmic granules that contain histamines and heparin

Answer 38

basophil

Question 39

This agranulocyte is the smallest of the WBCs and the second most numerous WBC

Answer 39

lymphocytes

Question 40

This agranulocyte accounts for approximately 25% of circulating WBCs, including T & B _____________ that have an important role in immunity

Answer 40

lymphocytes, lymphocyte

Question 41

T ________________ attack an infected or cancerous cell

Answer 41

lymphocytes

Question 42

B _______________ produce antibodies against specific antigens

Answer 42

lymphocytes