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z_A&P II: BIO426 > Ch 18: Blood > Flashcards

Ch 18: Blood Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

The 3 main functions of blood are…

A
  1. Transport
  2. Defense
  3. Homeostasis
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2
Q

T or F

Blood is a connective tissue.

A

True

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3
Q

What 5 things does blood transport?

A
  1. Nutrients from digestive system
  2. Gases: O2 and CO2 from respiratory system
  3. Cellular waste
  4. Hormones from endocrine system
  5. Cells & Proteins from the immune system to fight infections
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4
Q

Cellular waste and urea are removed via what system?

A

Excretory system

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5
Q

What are the 2 main defence systems in the blood?

A
  1. Hemostasis
  2. Immunity
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6
Q

Hemostasis is…

A
  • the ability to stop bleeding
  • keeping the balance of the components of blood
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7
Q

To help with immunity, blood transports…

A

immune cells & immune proteins

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8
Q

The immune cells & proteins in blood fight ________ and the blood cleans up ______.

A
  • foreign pathogens
  • cellular debris
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9
Q

Phagocytosis cells help in the immunity process by…

A

engulfing foreign pathogens and breaking them down.

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10
Q

Antibodies are _____ that target _____.

A
  • proteins
  • particles such as pathogens and cellular debris
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11
Q

Antibodies alert…

A

the immune system.

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12
Q

Compliments are _______ that target _____ and alert the _______.

A
  • immune proteins
  • bacteria
  • immune system
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13
Q

Hemostasis is maintained by the balance of what 4 things?

A
  1. Body temperature
  2. Water
  3. Salt/electrolytes
  4. pH
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14
Q

Body temperature is regulated by what 2 processes?

A
  1. Vasoconstriction
  2. Vasodilation
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15
Q

Restricting or shutting off blood flow to parts of the body is the process of ______ and _____ body temperature.

A
  • vasocontsriction
  • lowers
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16
Q

The opening of blood vessels to get blood to the surface to cool off is called _______ and _______ body temperature.

A
  • vasodilation
  • raises
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17
Q

In vasoldilation, the blood needs to get to the surface so that it can _______.

A

cool off

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18
Q

In vasoconstricion, blood is conained to the middle of the body to…

A

keep the vital organs warm.

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19
Q

The body is made of _____% water

A

70%

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20
Q

Blood is the bigest reservoir of _____ in the body.

A

water

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21
Q

Too little water in our system pulls water out of blood and _______ blood volume.

A

decreases

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22
Q

Too much water in our blood _______ blood volume.

A

increases

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23
Q

Salt ________ water.

A

retains

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24
Q

Salt works with water to balance _______.

A

hydration

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25
pH balance is a measurement of _______ concentration.
hydrogen
26
The increase or decrease of blood volume is highly _______ and effects blood \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
* regulated * pressure
27
The 3 parts of the Circulatory System are...
1. Blood 2. Heart 3. Vessels
28
Blood is a medium OF ________ and a medium FOR \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
* transport * diffusion
29
The heart is a _______ organ.
muscle
30
The purpose of the heart is to...
contract and relax to pump blood through the body.
31
What is the primary functional organ of the cardiovascular system?
The heart.
32
The vessels of the circulatory system are a(n) ________ system that serves as the _______ of blood.
* interconnected * pathways
33
Arteries carry blood _____ the heart.
away from
34
Veins carry blood _____ the heart.
to
35
Blood is made of what two parts?
1. Plasma 2. Formed elements
36
Plasma is the _______ matrix of blood.
extracellular
37
Plasma is made of _____ % water and the rest is _______ substances.
* 90-95% * dissolved
38
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ make up generally 8% of blood plasma.
Proteins
39
The two plasma proteins are...
1. Albumin 2. Globulins
40
What are the three types of blood cells?
1. Red blood cells 2. White blood cells 3. platelets
41
What are the two types of white blood cells called?
Granulocytes and agranulocytes
42
What are the three types of granulocytes?
1. Neutrophils 2. Eosinophils 3. Basophils
43
What are the two types of agranulocytes?
1. Lymphocytes 2. Monocytes
44
Neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils are classified as...
Granulocytes
45
Lymphocytes and monocytes are classified as...
Agranulocytes
46
Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes and monocytes are all...
White blood cells
47
What is the most numerous type of white blood cell in a healthy individual?
Neutrophils
48
What type of white blood cell's nucleui have many lobes?
Neutrophils
49
What type of white blood cell has bi-lobed nuclei?
Eosinophils
50
Neutrophils are _____ the size of red blood cells.
twice
51
Eosinophils are: ## Footnote a. Smaller than neutrophils b. The same size as neutrophils c. Larger than neutrophils
b. The same size as neutrophils
52
The smallest granulocyte is the...
Basophil
53
This agranulocyte is the same size as a basophil.
Lymphocyte
54
What is the main characteristic of a lymphocyte?
It's nucleus takes nearly the entire cytoplasm of the cell.
55
Which type of white blood cell is the largest?
Monocytes
56
What is the defining characteristic of a monocyte?
It's nucleus is kidney shaped.
57
Platelets aid in...
clot formation
58
What type of cell is bi-concave?
Red blood cell
59
What is the smallest of the formed elements in blood?
Platelets
60
A red blood cell is also known as an
erythrocyte
61
A white blood cell is also known as a
Leukocyte
62
Platelets are also known as...
Thrombocytes
63
Platelets are small parts of specialized cells called...
megakaryocytes
64
What are three physiological items that require calcium?
1. Bone remodeling 2. Muscle contraction 3. Fluid balance Additional: blood clotting
65
The dissolved substances in blood consist of what 5 things?
1. Proteins 2. Nutrients 3. Gases 4. Salts/Electrolytes 5. Wastes

z_A&P II: BIO426 (31 decks)

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