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z_A&P II: BIO426 > Ch 24: Fluid, Electrolyte, pH Balance > Flashcards

Ch 24: Fluid, Electrolyte, pH Balance Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

Fluid, electrolyte and pH balance are critical in _____.

A

maintaining homeostasis.

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2
Q

Fluid balance refers to…

A

H2O balance

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3
Q

Our body’s are __% water

A

55%

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4
Q

__% of water in the body is intracellular.

A

65%

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5
Q

__% of water in the body is extracellular.

A

35%

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6
Q

The extraceluar fluid of our bodies consists of

A
  • water
  • blood/lymph
  • tissue fluid
  • transcelluar (moving between cells)
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7
Q

Water moves by _____.

A

osmosis

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8
Q

Water balance is directly related to _____.

A

electrolyte concentration

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9
Q

Water is always seeking _______ with the cells around it.

A

equilibrium

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10
Q

What are two sources of water for our bodies?

A
  1. Preformed Water… External, that is ingested
  2. Metabloic water as a result of cellular respiration
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11
Q

What are four ways our bodies get rid of excess water?

A
  1. Urine
  2. Feces
  3. Sweat
  4. Cutaneous transpiration - The insensible evaporation of water vapor through the skin.
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12
Q

How is the intake of water regulated?

A
  • Osmoreceptors: have the ability to respond to rising levels of osmolarity and produce ADH in response to retain H2O
  • Thirst receptors: stimulate H2O intake
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13
Q

How is water output regulated?

A
  • via urine production and always in conjunction with electrolytes
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14
Q

Balance prefix:

Define Hypo

A

too little

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15
Q

Balance prefix:

Define Hyper

A

too much

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16
Q

Balance prefix:

Define Norma

A

physiological levels (normal)

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17
Q

An electrolyte is a substance that…

A

conducts electricity when dissolved in water and are essential for a number of bodily functions.

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18
Q

Many automatic processes in the body rely on a small electric current to function, and _____ provide this charge.

A

electrolytes

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19
Q

Electrolytes interact with each other and the cells in the _____, _____, and _____.

A

tissues, nerves, and muscles.

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20
Q

The electrolytes in human bodies include:

A
  • sodium
  • potassium
  • calcium
  • chloride
  • phosphate
  • bicarbonate
  • magnesium

**The first five were given to us by professor and are testable. The last two I added in for general knowledge and are not part of the test.***

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21
Q

The electrolyte Sodium (Na) produces _____ and _____.

A

osmolarity and action potentials

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22
Q

The electrolyte Sodium (Na) is moved by _____, which cause _____ gradients around a cell.

Produces osmolarity and action potentials

Moved by at the cell membrane

imbalances are rare

Study These Flashcards
A

Na/K+/ATP pumps, elecrical

23
Q

Potassium (K+) is most abundant in _____.

Study These Flashcards
A

intercellular fluid

24
Q

Potassium is involved in…

Study These Flashcards
A
  • active transport
  • resting potential
25
Explain how Na/K+ exchange occurs.
* Na moves into transmembrane protein. * When protein is full of Na, ATP releases phosphate, which attaches to the intercellular side of the transmembrane protein triggering the gate to open and release the Na. * Extracelluar K+ then moves into the open gate and when the protein is again full, the phosphate molecule is released, and the gate opens to let the K+ inter the cell * K and Na are both positively charged creating an action potential at the cell surface
26
Potassium balance is linked to \_\_\_\_\_.
sodium
27
Potassium is regulated by \_\_\_\_\_.
Aldosterone
28
What are the two imbalances of Potassium called?
1. Hyperkalemia 2. Hypokalemia
29
What are the characteristics of hyperkalemia?
* high potassium levels caused by ruptured cells * high levels of potassium can excite neurons and short circuit cardiovascular system
30
What are the characteristics of hypokalemia?
* low levels of potassium * caused by diet deficiencies * causes neurons to be less excitable resulting in slower reaction to things
31
Phosphates are found in
intercellular fluid (ICF)
32
Phosphates are attached to _____ and are _____ when it is broken down.
ATP, released
33
Our phosphates come from...
our diet
34
Phosphates are regulated by...
* Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) * Calcium
35
PTH & Ca both contribute to \_\_\_\_\_.
bone remodeling
36
True or False Phosphate balance is not as crucial as other electrolytes.
True
37
pH is a measurement of...
hydrogen (H+) in a solution.
38
Normal body pH is \_\_\_.
7.4
39
A lower pH number indicates a solution is
more acidic/less basic
40
A high pH indicates that a solution is
less acidic/more basic
41
Strong acids dissociate in a solution, releasing _____ and _____ pH.
hydrogen, lowering
42
Strong bases dissociate completely in a solution and release _____ which ____ pH by _____ hydrogen.
hydroxide ions, raise, consuming
43
Weak acids dissociate _____ and can reach \_\_\_\_\_.
partially, equilibrium
44
Carbonic acid dissociates into ____ and _____ and has a _____ effect on pH.
hydrogen, bicarbinate ions, weak
45
What is a buffer?
A substance that resists change to pH by absorbing or donating hydrogen ions to stablize it.
46
Physiological buffers refer to...
body systems that regulate pH by controlling body output of acids, bases and CO2
47
What are two examples of physiological buffers?
1. Respiratory system 2. Urinary system
48
**Bicarbinate Buffer System** CO2 + H2O -\> H2CO3 \<=\> H+ + HCO3 Increase of CO2, equilibrium goes \_\_\_\_\_, raising _____ and _____ pH.
goes right, hydrogen, reducing
49
**Bicarbinate Buffer System** CO2+ H2O -\> H2CO3 \<=\> H+ + HCO3 \_\_\_\_\_ of CO2, equilibrium goes left, _____ hydrogen and _____ pH.
Decrease, lowering, raising
50
What body's system acts as a bicarbinate buffer system?
Respiratory
51
Most common acid-base imbalances are _____ related.
respiratory
52
If CO2 levels rise, pH levels \_\_\_\_\_, acid level \_\_\_\_\_, causing \_\_\_\_\_.
decrease, increase, acidosis
53
If CO2 levels lower, pH levels \_\_\_\_\_, acid levels \_\_\_\_\_, causing \_\_\_\_\_.
increase, lower, alkalosis

z_A&P II: BIO426 (31 decks)

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