Ch. 2

Question 0

Disadvantage of surveys

& advantage of surveys

Answer 0

Biased due to wrong answers or lies

Efficient way to obtain info from a large number of people

Question 1

Survey

Answer 1

A way to obtain info by asking many people to answer a fixed set of questions

Question 2

Case study

Answer 2

An in depth analysis of thoughts, feelings, beliefs, experiences, behaviors, or problems of a single individual

Question 3

Disadvantage and advantage of case study

Answer 3

Dis: detailed info about only one person so may not apply to all people

Adv: detailed info which may allow for a greater understanding of a particular persons life

Question 4

Experiment

Answer 4

A method for identifying cause and effect relationships by following a set of rules and guidelines that minimize the possibility of errors,bias, and chance occurrence

Question 5

Disadvantage & advantages for experiment

Answer 5

Dis: information obtained in one experiment may not apply to other situations
Adv: greatest potential for identifying cause and effect relationships with less error and bias

Question 6

Testimonial

Answer 6

A statement in support of a particular viewpoint based on detailed observations of a persons own personal experience

Question 7

Self fulfilling prophecies

Answer 7

Involves having a strong belief of making a statement about a future behavior then acting, usually unknowingly, to fulfill or carry out the behavior

Question 8

Placebo

Answer 8

Fake treatment to see if change is caused by medicine or by self fulfilling prophecies

Question 9

Correlation

Answer 9

An association or relationship between the occurrence of two or more events

Question 10

Correlation coefficient

Answer 10

Indicates the strength of a relationship; number is either between -1 or 1

Question 11

Interview

Answer 11

A technique for obtaining info by asking questions, usually in a one on one situation

Question 12

Questionnaire

Answer 12

A technique for obtaining info by asking subjects to read a list of written questions and check off specific answers

Question 13

Laboratory experiment

Answer 13

A technique to gather info about the brain, genes, or behavior with the least error and bias by using a controlled environment that allows for careful observation and measurement

Question 14

Standardized test

Answer 14

Technique to obtain info by administering a psychological test that had been standardized

Question 15

Disadvantage and advantage of standardized test

Answer 15

Dis: may be biased towards certain groups of people
Adv: allow for comparisons to be made across schools, states, and groups of people

Question 16

Animal model

Answer 16

Involves examining or manipulating some behavioral, genetic, or physiological factor that closely approximates some human problem, disease, or condition

Question 17

Naturalistic setting

Answer 17

A relatively normal environment in which researchers gather info by observing individuals behaviors without attempting to change or control the situation

Question 18

Laboratory setting

Answer 18

Involves studying individuals under systematic and controlled conditions, with many of the real-world influences eliminated

Question 19

Brain parts involved in ADHD

Answer 19

Prefrontal lobe
Corpus callosum
Cerebellum

Question 20

Advantage and disadvantage of using a laboratory setting

Answer 20

Dis: may be so controlled that the results don’t apply to real life situations
Adv: psychologists can carefully control and manipulate one or more treatments while reducing error or bias from environmental factors

Question 21

One problem with naturalistic setting is:

Answer 21

Psychologists’ own beliefs may cause them to misinterpret or misperceive some behaviors

Question 22

One advantage of naturalistic setting is

Answer 22

Opportunity to study behaviors in real life situations and environments

Question 23

Steps in an experiment

Answer 23

1. Ask a question and come up with hypothesis
2. Identify variables
3. use random selection to pick participants
4. Randomly Assign participants to control group or experimental group
5. Assign treatments (double blind?)
6. Measure the results
7. Analyze the results

Question 24

Statistical procedures

Answer 24

Used to determine whether differences are observed in dependent variables are due to independent variables it to error or chance
Used in stage 7 of steps in an experiment

Question 25

Debriefing

Answer 25

Includes explaining the purpose and method of the experiment, asking the participants their feelings about being participants in the experiment, and helping participants deal with possible doubts or guilt from the experiment