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AP PSYCHOLOGY > Ch19&20 > Flashcards

Ch19&20 Flashcards

(51 cards)

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0
Q

Positive regard

A

Love,sympathy,warmth, and acceptance which we crave from family, friends, and people who are important to us

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1
Q

Alfred Adler

A
  • inferiority complex
  • said humans are motivated by social urges
  • his theory became individual psychology
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2
Q

Karen Horney

A

Disagreed with Freuds view of women and disagreed with penis envy
-most important factor in child’s development was child-parent social interactions

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3
Q

Your perception of the world becomes you reality

A

Humanistic

Phenomenological perspective

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4
Q

You should look at the whole situation not just one part of someone’s personality

A

Hollistic View

Humanistic theory

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5
Q

We are driven to be all we can be

A

Humanistic theory

Self actualization

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6
Q

Carl Jung

A
  • collective unconscious

- created analytical psychology but it didn’t have a large impact on current psychology

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7
Q

Characteristics of self actualized individuals

A
  • perceive reality accurately
  • they are independent and autonomous
  • prefer to have a deep loving relationship with only a few people
  • focus on accomplishing goals
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8
Q

Maslows hierarchy of needs

A
  • biological
  • safety
  • love and belonging
  • esteem and approval
  • self actualization
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9
Q

Growth needs

A

Needs at the higher level and nc lied the desire for truth,goodness, beauty, justice

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10
Q

Superego

A

Goal is to apply the moral values and standards to satisfy ones wishes

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11
Q

Carl Rodgers

A
  • self theory
  • self concept
  • self actualizing tendency
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12
Q

Real self

A

Based on our actual experiences and represents how we really see ourselves

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13
Q

Ideal self

A

Based on our hopes and wishes and reflects how we would like to see ourselves

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14
Q

Conditional positive regard

A

Positive regard we receive if we behave uncertain ways such as living up to or meeting standards of others

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15
Q

Deficiency needs

A

Physiological (food,sleep) and psychological (safety,love,esteem) needs we try to meet if they are not met

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16
Q

Criticism of humanistic theories

A
  1. Little scientific support

2. Doesn’t take into account genetic factors

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17
Q

Social cognitive theory

A

-personality is shaped by three forces:
•environmental conditions
•cognitive-personal factors
•behavior

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18
Q

Cognitive factors

A

Our beliefs, expectations, values, intentions, and social roles

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19
Q

Personal factors

A

Our emotional make up and our biological and genetic influences

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20
Q

To develop self efficacy

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A

Use previous experiences, compare your capabilities, listen to what others say about your capabilities, and use feed back from your body

21
Q

Environmental factors

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A

Social, political, and cultural influences as well as our particular learning experiences

22
Q

Trait theory

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A

An approach for analyzing the structure if personality by measuring, identifying, and classifying similarities and differences in personality characteristics or traits

23
Q

Bandura’s social cognitive theory assumes that personality development, growth, and change is influenced by:

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A
  1. Highly developed language
  2. Observational learning
  3. Purposeful behavior
  4. Self analysis
24
Reciprocal determinism
The three factors affect each other
25
Delay of gratification---three traits it correlates with
1. more intelligent 2. Greater social responsibility 3. Strive for higher achievement
26
Self efficacy
Refers to the confidence in your ability to organize and execute a given course of action to solve a problem or accomplish a task
27
Ego
Goal is to find socially acceptable ways of satisfying the id's desires within the range of the super egos prohibitions Follows the reality principle
28
Raymond Cattell
Used factor analysis to harrow Allport's list to 35 basic traits which Cartell called Source Traits
29
Unconditional positive regard
Refers to the warmth,acceptance, and love that others show you because you are valued as a human being even though you may disappoint people
30
Gordon Allport
Went through the dictionary and selected 4500 words which he considered to fit in the category of traits
31
Factor analysis
A complicated statistical method that finds relationships among many different or diverse items and allows them to be grouped together
32
Trait
Relatively stable and enduring characteristic to behave in a particular way
33
Five factor model
Organizes personality traits and describes differences in personality using five categories
34
Ocean
``` Openness Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism ```
35
Person situation interaction
A persons behavior results from an interaction between his or her traits and the effect of being in or responding to cues from a particular situation
36
Longitudinal method
Same group of individuals is studied repeatedly at many points in time
37
Personality traits are relatively fixed by
30
38
Reality principle
To satisfy a wish or desire only if there is a socially acceptable outlet available
39
Behavioral genetics
The study of how inherited or genetic factors influence and interact with psychological factors to shape our personality, intelligence, and emotions, etc
40
Heritability
A statistical measure that estimates how much or some cognitive, personality or behavioral trust is influenced by genetic factors
41
Personality percentages
40% genetic factors 27% non shared environmental factors 26% error 7% shared environmental factors
43
Id
- Contains two biological drives, sex and aggression, | - follows pleasure principle
44
Pleasure principle
To satisfy biological drives
45
Three methods to uncover the unconscious
Free association Dream interpretation Slips of the tongue Freudian slips
46
Psychodynamic theory if personality
Emphasizes the importance of early hold good experiences, the importance of repressed thoughts, and the conflicts between the unconscious and the conscious Freud
47
Conscious thoughts
Wishes, desires, or thoughts that we are aware of or can recall at any given time Freud
48
Unconscious forces
Represent wishes, desires, or thoughts that because of their disturbing nature we automatically repress and can not voluntarily access Freud
49
Unconscious motivation
Freud | Refers to the influence of repressed thoughts, desires, or impulses on our conscious thoughts and behaviors
50
Validity
The test measures what it says it measures
51
Reliability
You should get the same score each time

AP PSYCHOLOGY (23 decks)

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