Ch. 2 Chemistry

Question 1

branch of science that studies matter, its composition, its properties, and how matter reacts with other matter

Answer 1

chemistry

Question 2

anything that has mass and volume

Answer 2

matter

Question 3

smallest part of an element that retains the properties of that element

Answer 3

atom

Question 4

composed of protons, neutrons, electrons

Answer 4

atoms

Question 5

group of like atoms combined together that cannot be separated into simpler.

Answer 5

element

Question 6

a substance that contains 2 or more different elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion

Answer 6

compound

Question 7

forces that hold the atoms together in a compound or molecule form

Answer 7

chemical bonds

Question 8

7 most abundant elements in body

Answer 8

1 oxygen
2 carbon
3 hydrogen
4 nitrogen
5 calcium
6 phosphorus
7 potassium

Question 9

abundancy of oxygen

Answer 9

65%

Question 10

abundancy of carbon

Answer 10

18.5%

Question 11

abundancy of hydrogen

Answer 11

9.5%

Question 12

abundancy of nitrogen

Answer 12

3.2%

Question 13

abundancy of calcium

Answer 13

1.5%

Question 14

abundancy of phosphorus

Answer 14

1%

Question 15

abundancy of potassium

Answer 15

0.4%

Question 16

The next 4 most common elements in the body:

Answer 16

sulfur, chlorine, sodium, magnesium

Question 17

elements that are all together less than 0.1% in the human body

Answer 17

trace elements

Question 18

trace elements include:

Answer 18

Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, I, F

Question 19

energy levels contain a maximum of:

Answer 19

2, 8, 18, 32 electrons per energy level

Question 20

when the number of electrons and protons are the same

Answer 20

neutral

Question 21

the atom´s most outermost energy level full of electrons

Answer 21

stable

Question 22

number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Answer 22

atomic number

Question 23

the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

Answer 23

atomic mass number

Question 24

tells how many energy levels an atom has

Answer 24

period number

Question 25

tells how many electrons are in the outer shell of an atom (valence electrons)

Answer 25

roman numeral

Question 26

atoms of an element with different number of neutrons in its nucleus

Answer 26

isotope

Question 27

a charged atom

Answer 27

ion

Question 28

elements that have a different number of protons than electrons

Answer 28

ions

Question 29

chemical symbol red:

Answer 29

gas at room temp

Question 30

chemical symbol blue:

Answer 30

liquid at room temp

Question 31

chemical symbol black:

Answer 31

solid at room temp

Question 32

no chemical symbol:

Answer 32

synthetic element

Question 33

bonds found between metals and nonmetals that hold atoms together in compound form

Answer 33

ionic bond

Question 34

formed when electrons are exchanged between atoms

Answer 34

ionic

Question 35

bonds found between nonmetals that hold the atoms together in compound or molecule form

Answer 35

covalent bond

Question 36

formed when electrons are shared between non-metals

Answer 36

covalent bond

Question 37

when 2 or more atoms are covalently combined

Answer 37

molecule

Question 38

when 2 or more different atoms combine in a fixed composition

Answer 38

compound

Question 39

metals on periodic table

Answer 39

mostly the left, starting at a diagonal down at Al, except not H

Question 40

nonmetal

Answer 40

all the right starting at C diagonal down and H

Question 41

metalloid

Answer 41

B diagonal down and Ge diagonal down, only 7

Question 42

elements react to become __________

Answer 42

stable

Question 43

A + B = AB

Answer 43

synthesis

Question 44

AB= A + B

Answer 44

decomposition

Question 45

AB + CD = AC + BD

Answer 45

exchange

Question 46

reactions in which the products can turn back into the reactants

Answer 46

reversible reactions

Question 47

synthesize larger molecules from smaller molecules

Answer 47

anabolic reactions

Question 48

substances that can change the rate of reaction without being consumed

Answer 48

catalysts

Question 49

break down larger molecules into smaller ones

Answer 49

catabolic reactions

Question 50

substances that release ions in water

Answer 50

electrolytes

Question 51

electrolytes that release hydrogen ions in water

Answer 51

acid

Question 52

electrolytes that release ions that bond with hydrogen ions (often described as releasing hydroxide ions)

Answer 52

base

Question 53

measures the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution

Answer 53

pH scale

Question 54

.1-6.9

Answer 54

considered an acid on pH scale

Question 55

7

Answer 55

considered neutral on pH scale

Question 56

7.1-14

Answer 56

considered a base on pH scale

Question 57

substances that do not release ions when dissolved in water

Answer 57

non electrolytes

Question 58

_________ drives the movement of matter within and between the systems of the human body

Answer 58

energy

Question 59

pH scale of gastric juice

Answer 59

2 acidic

Question 60

pH scale of human blood

Answer 60

7.4 basic

Question 61

pH scale of sodium bicarbonate

Answer 61

8.4 basic

Question 62

pH scale of household ammonia

Answer 62

11.5 basic

Question 63

chemicals that resist pH change

Answer 63

buffers

Question 64

the numbers and types of atoms in a molecule

Answer 64

molecular formula

Question 65

single lines represent single bonds and double lines represent double bonds

Answer 65

structural formula