Ch. 4 Cellular Metabolism

Question 1

within a cell a many thousands of _____________ take place to keep the cell in homeostasis

Answer 1

chemical reactions

Question 2

examples of chemical reactions:

Answer 2

cellular respiration, protein synthesis, cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis, DNA replication

Question 3

a constant __________________ is needed for these reactions and _________ control the rate at which these reactions take place

Answer 3

supply of energy
enzymes

Question 4

the set of chemical reactions that acquire, store, and release energy in cells

Answer 4

cellular metabolism

Question 5

comes from the chemical bonds of nutrient molecules from the diet

Answer 5

energy

Question 6

anabolic reaction-

Answer 6

builds large molecules from small ones
ex) dehydration synthesis

Question 7

catabolic reaction-

Answer 7

breakdown of large molecules to small ones
ex) hydrolysis

Question 8

without _______ reactions in cells would not happen fast enough to keep cell in homeostasis

Answer 8

enzymes

Question 9

metabolic reactions need ____

Answer 9

ATP

Question 10

enzymes-

Answer 10

catalyst proteins that work by lowering the activation energy and speed rates of chemical reactions

Question 11

enzymes are not ____________ in their function

Answer 11

consumed

Question 12

each enzyme acts only on one specific __________

Answer 12

substrate

Question 13

every cell contains _________________ to help complete reactions

Answer 13

hundred of enzymes

Question 14

many enzymatic reactions are ___________

Answer 14

reversible

Question 15

rate/speed of enzyme-controlled reactions depend on:

Answer 15

• number of enzymes & substrate in cell
• how many substrate process per second

Question 16

factors that alter enzymes:

Answer 16

radiation, electricity, fluids with extreme pH values, certain chemicals

Question 17

sequence of enzyme-controlled reactions

Answer 17

metabolic pathway

Question 18

controls the entire rate of the metabolic pathway

Answer 18

regulatory enzyme

Question 19

most metabolic reactions use ________________

Answer 19

chemical energy

Question 20

held in the bonds between atoms of molecules and released when the bonds break

Answer 20

chemical energy

Question 21

cells burn glucose in process called ____________

Answer 21

oxidation

Question 22

cells only capture ____________ of energy released from breaking chemical bonds in cellular respiration

Answer 22

40%

Question 23

3 stages of cellular respiration

Answer 23

Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Electron transport chain

Question 24

what is produced in each stage

Answer 24

1) 2ATP, 2 Pyruvate, NADH, electrons
2) CO2, 2ATP, NADH, FADH2, citric acid, electrons
3) H2O, Heat, 26-34 ATP

Question 25

location of each stage

Answer 25

1) inside cytoplasm 2) mitochondrial matrix 3) mitochondrial inner membrane

Question 26

happens when no oxygen present

Answer 26

fermentation

Question 27

products of glycolysis:

Answer 27

2 pyruvate, NADH, 2 ATP, electron

Question 28

products of Krebs Cycle:

Answer 28

2 ATP, NADH, FADH2, CO2, Citric Acid, electron

Question 29

products of ETC:

Answer 29

water, 26-34 ATP, heat

Question 30

examples of anabolic reactions by dehydration synthesis:

Answer 30

production of glycogen, triglycerides, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 31

examples of catabolic reactions by hydrolysis:

Answer 31

breakdown of : carbohydrates into monosaccharides fats into glycerol and fatty acid proteins into amino acids nucleic acids into sugar, phosphoric acid, purine/pyrimidine

Question 32

an enzymes ______________ allows it to recognize its substrate

Answer 32

conformation

Question 33

An ATP includes chain of 3 phosphates when one phosphate is broken off, it becomes _____.

Answer 33

ADP

Question 34

ADP can be converted back into ATP during cellular respiration with ____________.

Answer 34

ATP synthase