Ch 2 Exam 1

Question 1

What is Matter?

Answer 1

anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 2

What are Elements?

Answer 2

substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical reactions

Question 3

What are the Primary Elements of organisms?

Answer 3

oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen

Question 4

What is a Proton? Where is it found in an atom? What is its charge?

Answer 4

-subatomic particle
-nucleus
-positive charge

Question 5

What is a Neutron? Where is it found in an atom? What is its charge?

Answer 5

-subatomic particle
-nucleus
-neutral

Question 6

What is an Electron? Where is it found in an atom? What is its charge?

Answer 6

-subatomic particle
-shells around atom
-negative

Question 7

What is the Atomic Mass of an element?

Answer 7

protons+neutrons

Question 8

What is the Atomic Number of an element?

Answer 8

number of protons in the nucleus

Question 9

What is an Isotope?

Answer 9

atoms of the same element with varying numbers of neutrons

Question 10

If an atom contains 6 protons in the nucleus, how many electrons will that atom usually
have?

Answer 10

6

Question 11

Which electrons have the highest energy?

Answer 11

Electrons farther from the nucleus generally have greater energy
than those closer to the nucleus

Question 12

How many electrons can fit in the first valence shell?
The second?

Answer 12

• 2
• 8

Question 13

What is an ion?

Answer 13

a charged atom or molecule

Question 14

What is Ionic bonding?

Answer 14

bond of positive and negative

Question 15

How would you describe the strength of an ionic bond?

Answer 15

strong

Question 16

What is Covalent bonding?

Answer 16

share electrons

Question 17

How would you describe the strength of a covalent bond?

Answer 17

strong

Question 18

What is Polar Covalent bonding?

Answer 18

unequal sharing of valence electrons

Question 19

What results from a polar covalent bond?

Answer 19

• • and - poles
• one part of molecule is more - and one is more +

Question 20

What is Hydrogen bonding?

Answer 20

an attraction between two atoms that already participate in other chemical bonds. (hydrogen+any electronegative atom-oxygen, chlorine-)

Question 21

How would you describe the strength of a hydrogen bond?

Answer 21

weakest

Question 22

What is the relationship of energy to chemical bonds?

Answer 22

Each chemical bond represents a certain amount of chemical energy. (Bond energy is the energy necessary to break a chemical bond.)

Question 23

Atoms can be held together by forces of attraction called..

Answer 23

chemical bonds

Question 24

What is an acid?

Answer 24

proton donor

Question 25

What is a base?

Answer 25

proton receptor

Question 26

What is pH?

Answer 26

The degree of a solution’s acidity

Question 27

Describe the pH scale

Answer 27

7 is neutral less than 7 is acidic (H+) more than 7 is basic (OH-)

Question 28

What are the Characteristics of Water?

Answer 28

-Water molecules are polar -Water is a universal solvent

Question 29

What is the relationship of water to living things?

Answer 29

All living things are 70-90% water

Question 30

Cohesion-

Answer 30

occurs when water molecules stick to one another

Question 31

Adhesion-

Answer 31

the ability of water to stick to other substances

Question 32

Hydrophilic

Answer 32

water-loving

Question 33

Hydrophobic

Answer 33

water-fearing