CH 3 Exam 1

Question 1

What is meant by Hydrophobic?

Answer 1

water fearing

Question 2

What is meant by Hydrophilic?

Answer 2

water loving

Question 3

Give an example of a molecule that is both hydrophobic and hydrophilic.

Answer 3

phospholipids that make up the phospholipid bilayer of a cell membrane

Question 4

What are the primary elements of organic molecules?

Answer 4

CARBON atoms covalently bonded to HYDROGEN atoms

Question 5

What are the characteristics of carbon?

Answer 5

-4 valence electrons
-carbon-to-carbon bonds are strong and not easily broken.

Question 6

What are Functional Groups?

Answer 6

a group of atoms that help determine the types of chemical reactions and associations in which the compound participates

Question 7

What are the primary classes of organic molecules? (know some examples & characteristics)

Answer 7

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Question 8

What is Dehydration Synthesis?

Answer 8

used to describe condensation

Question 9

What is Hydrolysis?

Answer 9

any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bond

Question 10

What is a Monosaccharide? Give an example.

Answer 10

-one sugar unit
-glucose

Question 11

What is a Disaccharide? Give an example.

Answer 11

-2 sugar units
-lactose

Question 12

What is a polysaccharide? Give an example.

Answer 12

-many sugar units
-Starch

Question 13

What is the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen atoms in carbohydrates?

Answer 13

one carbon to two hydrogens to one
oxygen

Question 14

What is Chitin?

Answer 14

component of arthropods’ exoskeletons

Question 15

What is the monomer of lipids?

Answer 15

glycerol and fatty acids

Question 16

What is the structure triglycerides?

Answer 16

glycerol bound to three fatty acid molecules

Question 17

What is meant by saturated fat?

Answer 17

-Contain max number of hydrogen
atoms
-No double bonds
-Solid at room temperature

Question 18

What is meant by unsaturated fat?

Answer 18

-double bonds
-Tend to be liquid at
room temperature

Question 19

What is the structure of phospholipids?

Answer 19

amphipathic lipids, with one hydrophilic end and one hydrophobic end

Question 20

What is the steroid that is a precursor of all other steroids?

Answer 20

Cholesterol

Question 21

What is the monomer for proteins?

Answer 21

Amino acids

Question 22

What is the structure of an amino acid?

Answer 22

An amino acid has 4 parts
- carbon bonded to single H
- amino group (NH2)
- acid group (COOH)
- “R” ( “rest” of the molecule)

Question 23

How many different amino acids exist?

Answer 23

20

Question 24

What is the primary structure of a protein?

Answer 24

the amino acid sequence

Question 25

The secondary structure of a proteinresults from___?

Answer 25

hydrogen bonding involving the backbone

Question 26

Give examples of the two basic forms of secondary proteins.

Answer 26

Alpha helix and Beta pleated

Question 27

What is the tertiary structure of a protein dependant on?

Answer 27

interactions among side chains

Question 28

What is the quaternary structure of a protein? What is their shape?

Answer 28

results from interactions among polypeptides

Question 29

What are 3 things that denature proteins?

Answer 29

-heat, -pH change -treated with certain chemicals

Question 30

What are enzymes?

Answer 30

cause specific chemical reactions

Question 31

What is the monomer for nucleic acids?

Answer 31

Nucleotides

Question 32

What is the structure of a nucleotide?

Answer 32

a 5-carbon sugar -one or more phosphate groups -a nitrogenous base

Question 33

What are the differences between RNA and DNA

Answer 33

DNA- deoxyribose, thymine, double stranded RNA – ribose, uracil instead of thymine, single stranded

Question 34

What are the characteristics of DNA?

Answer 34

-makes up hereditary material of the cell (genes) -contains instructions for making proteins and RNA

Question 35

What processes is RNA used in?

Answer 35

processes that link amino acids to form polypeptides

Question 36

What is the structure of ATP?

Answer 36

composed of adenine, ribose, and three phosphates