Ch 4 Exam 2 Flashcards
(34 cards)
What are the major points of the cell theory?
- cells are the basic unit of life
- cells come from cells
- All living cells have a common origin, provided by basic
similarities in their structures and molecules of which they are
made (all living things come from cells)
What is meant by “Surface area to volume ratio” and why is it important to cells?
Limits the cells size
(The surface area of a cell must be large enough relative to its volume to allow adequate exchange of materials with the environment.)
What is meant by prokaryotic?
no membrane-bound nucleus
What is meant by eukaryotic?
membrane-bound nucleus
-characterized by highly organized and specialized membrane-enclosed organelles
What are the three different shape of bacteria?
bacilli
cocci
spirillia
What are the three parts of the cell envelope of bacterial cells?
- Inner plasma membrane
- Cell wall made of peptidoglycan
- Outer membrane
What is peptidoglycan?
What the cell wall of bacteria is made up of
What is the nucleoid?
where DNA is located
What are ribosomes? What is the function?
-Found free in the cytoplasm or attached to endoplasmic reticulum
-Help with protein synthesis
What is a plasmid?
extra DNA found in pathogenic bacteria
What are fimbrae?
- hair-like projections
- used to adhere to one another or to attach to cell surfaces of other organisms.
What is a flagellum?
allow movement
Where do Archaea live?
extreme environments (rift vents in the deep sea, hot springs, or in extremely alkaline or acid waters.)
What are the major differences of prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells?
E:
-animalia, plantae, fungi, protistia
-NUCLEUS contains DNA
-membrane bound organelles
P:
-Bacteria and Archaea
-NUCLEOID contains DNA
-NO nucleus
-NO membrane bound organelles
What are the four kingdoms are eukaryotic?
animalia, plantae, fungi, protistia.
What are the major differences between plant and animal cells?
Plants:
-Large central vacuole
-celluolose
Animals:
-Junctions (Tight junctions, Anchoring junctions, Gap junctions)
What is the cell wall? What is the function?
outer structure that encloses the entire cell, including the plasma
membrane.
What is cytoplasm? What is the function?
-the part of the cell outside the nucleus
-holding the components of the cell and protects them from damage
What is the nucleus? What is the function?
-the control center of the cell
-contains DNA
What is chromatin and chromosomes?
-found in the nucleus composed of DNA and protein
-DNA molecules packed inside the nucleus in a structure
What is the nucleOlus? What is the function?
Synthesizes ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
What is the nuclear envelope?
-double membrane that separates nuclear contents from the cytoplasm
What are nuclear pores? What is the function?
-Regulate passage of materials between nucleoplasm and cytoplasm
What is the endomembrane system? What makes up the endomembrane system?
- A network of organelles that exchange materials through small membrane-enclosed transport vesicles
-Endoplasmic Reticulum
-Golgi
-Lysosomes
-Vesicles
