Ch. 2 Human Body in Health & Disease Flashcards
(75 cards)
1
Q
vertical plane
A
up and down
2
Q
midsaggital plane
A
divides equal left and right
3
Q
saggital plane
A
divides unequal left and right
4
Q
frontal/coronal plane
A
divides front and back
5
Q
transverse plane
A
divides upper and lower
6
Q
ventral
A
front
7
Q
dorsal
A
back
8
Q
anterior
A
situated in front
9
Q
posterior
A
situated in back
10
Q
superior
A
uppermost, above
11
Q
inferior
A
lowermost, below
12
Q
cephalic
A
toward head
13
Q
caudal
A
toward feet
14
Q
proximal
A
nearest beginning of structure
15
Q
distal
A
nearest end of structure
16
Q
medial
A
towards midline
17
Q
lateral
A
away from midline
18
Q
cranial cavity
A
within skull, surround brain
19
Q
spinal cavity
A
within spinal column, protects cord
20
Q
abdominal cavity
A
contains major digestive organs
21
Q
pelvic cavity
A
space formed by hipbones, contains major GU organs
22
Q
cells
A
basic structures/units of body
23
Q
cell membrane
A
tissure surrounds and protects cell
24
Q
cytoplasm
A
material inside cell, not including nucleus
25
cytology
study of anatomy, physiology of cell
26
nucleus
controls activities of cell and help cell divide
27
chromosomes
DNA inside nucleus
28
stem cells
unspecialized cells
29
somatic cells
any cell except gametes
30
tissue
group or layer of specialized cells that join to perform specific function. epithelial, connective, muscle, and nerve
31
histology
study of structure, composition, and function of tissure
32
Epithelial Tissue
protective covering of all internal and external surfaces of body. made of epithelium and endothelium
33
epithelium
epidermis of skin and surface layer of mucous membranes
34
endothelium
lines blood and lymph vessels, body cavities, glands, and organs
35
Connective Tissue
support and connect organs and other body tissues. Dense, Adipose, Loose, and Liquid
36
Dense Connective tissue
bone and cartilage. forms joints and structure
37
Adipose tissue
fat. protection, padding, insulation, and support
38
Loose Connective tissue
surround organs and support nerve cells and blood vessels
39
Liquid Connective tissue
blood and lymph. transports nutrients and waste throughout body
40
Muscle Tissue
has ability to contract and relax
41
Nerve Tissue
cells that react to stimuli and conduct electrical impulses
42
Aplasia
incomplete development of organ/absence of organ or tissue
43
Hypoplasia
incomplete development of organ or tissue due to deficiency in number of cells
44
Anaplasia
change in structure of cells and orientation together. tumors
45
Dysplasia
abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs
46
Hyperplasia
enlargement of organ/tissue due to abnormal increase of cells
47
Hypertrophy
general increase in bulk of body part to increase in size. not number of cells, but size of cells. not tumor
48
Gland
group of epithelial cells capable of producing secretions. Exocrine and Endocrine
49
Exocrine Glands
secrete chemical substances in ducts that lead out of body or to organs (sweat glands)
50
Endocrine Glands
produce hormones. no ducts. secreted directly into bloodstream and transported to organs
51
Aden/o
gland
52
-crine
secrete
53
-carcin
cancer
54
-oma
tumor
55
adenitis
inflammation of gland
56
adenoma
benign tumor in glandular tissue
57
adenocarcinoma
malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue
58
adenomalacia
abnormal softening of gland
59
adenosis
disease condition of a gland
60
adenosclerosis
abnormal hardening of gland
61
adenectomy
surgical removal of gland
62
etiology
study of causes of diseases
63
endemic
ongoing presence of disease in population (common cold)
64
epidemic
sudden widespread outbreak within a population (measles)
65
pandemic
outbreak over large geographical area
66
communicable disease
contagious. any condition transmitted form person to person
67
functional disorder
symptoms with no physiological or anatomical cause that can by identified
68
idopathic disorder
illness without a cause
69
iatrogenic illness
unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment
70
infectious disease
illness caused by a living pathogenic organism, bacteria, or virus
71
nosocomal infection
disease acquired in hospital or clinical setting
72
organic disorder
symptoms caused by detectable physical changes in body
73
congenital disorder
abnormal condition at time of birth. caused by developmental disorder, prenatal influences, premature birth, or injuries during birthing process
74
developmental disorder
birth defect. can result in malformation, such as absence of limb or an extra toe.
75
Atresia
congenital absence of a normal opening (anal atresia)
