Ch. 4 Muscular System

Question 1

muscul/o, my/o, myos/s

Answer 1

muscle

Question 2

fasci/o

Answer 2

fascia

Question 3

ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o

Answer 3

tendons

Question 4

muscle functions

Answer 4

hold body erect, generate 85% heat, move food through digestive system, movement, walking, move fluid through body

Question 5

muscle fibers

Answer 5

long slender cells that make muscles. held together by connective tissue

Question 6

fascia

Answer 6

sheets of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, and separates muscles. flexible to allow muscle movement

Question 7

tendons

Answer 7

narrow band of nonelastic, dense connective tissue. connect muscle to bone

Question 8

skeletal muscle

Answer 8

attached to bones. make movement possible

Question 9

smooth muscle

Answer 9

in walls of organs. vessels, GI tract, ducts leading from glands

Question 10

myocardial muscle

Answer 10

walls of heart

Question 11

muscle innervation

Answer 11

stimulation by motor nerve impulse. when stimulation stops, muscle relaxes.

Question 12

neuromuscular

Answer 12

pertaining to nerve/muscle

Question 13

antagonistic pairs

Answer 13

muscle pairs work in opposition. one contracts while other relaxes

Question 14

contraction

Answer 14

tightening.becomes shorter and thicker, causing center of muscle to enlarge

Question 15

relaxation

Answer 15

when muscle returns to original form. becomes longer and thinner

Question 16

abduction

Answer 16

movement away from midline

Question 17

adduction

Answer 17

movement toward midline

Question 18

flexion

Answer 18

decreasing angle between 2 bones. bending limb at joint

Question 19

extension

Answer 19

increasing angle. straightening of joint

Question 20

elevation

Answer 20

raising/lifting body part

Question 21

depression

Answer 21

lowering body part

Question 22

circumduction

Answer 22

circular movement at far end of limb

Question 23

rotation

Answer 23

circular movement around axis

Question 24

supination

Answer 24

rotation of arm/leg so palm/sole is facing upward/forward

Question 25

pronation

Answer 25

rotation of arm/leg so palm/sole is facing backward/downward

Question 26

dorsi flexion

Answer 26

bends foot upward at ankle

Question 27

plantar flexion

Answer 27

bends foot downward at ankle

Question 28

origin

Answer 28

less movable attachment. where muscle begins. nearest midline on less movable part of skeleton

Question 29

insertion

Answer 29

more movable attachment. where muscle ends

Question 30

oblique

Answer 30

slanted, at an angle

Question 31

sphincter

Answer 31

ring shaped muscle. constricts opening of passageway

Question 32

rectus

Answer 32

straight alignment with vertical axis of body

Question 33

transverse

Answer 33

crosswise

Question 34

gluteus maximus

Answer 34

largest muscle of buttocks

Question 35

deltoid

Answer 35

shaped like inverted triangle

Question 36

chronic fatigue syndrome

Answer 36

unknown cause. not improved by bed rest and lasts longer than 2 months

Question 37

adhesion

Answer 37

band of fibrous tissue. hold structures together abnormally. forms in muscles/organs

Question 38

atrophy

Answer 38

weakness or wearing away. caused by pathology or disuse

Question 39

myalgia

Answer 39

tenderness/pain in muscle

Question 40

myocele

Answer 40

herniation through tear in fascia surrounding

Question 41

myolysis

Answer 41

degeneration of muscle tissue

Question 42

momalacia

Answer 42

abnormal softening of muscle

Question 43

myorrhexis

Answer 43

rupture or tearing of muscle

Question 44

polymyositis

Answer 44

muscle disease characterized by simultaneous inflammation and weakening

Question 45

sarcopenia

Answer 45

loss of muscle mass, strength, and function. comes with aging

Question 46

muscular dystrophy

Answer 46

progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscles. doesnt affect CNS

Question 47

carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 47

tendons pass through the carpal tunnel. chronic overuse causes inflammation

Question 48

-tonic

Answer 48

pertaining to muscle tone

Question 49

muscle tone

Answer 49

state of balanced muscle tension

Question 50

a-

Answer 50

without

Question 51

-tax

Answer 51

coordination

Question 52

-ia

Answer 52

condition

Question 53

atonic

Answer 53

lacking muscle tone

Question 54

dystonia

Answer 54

abnormal tone. impairment of voluntary muscle movement

Question 55

hypertonia

Answer 55

excessive muscle tone

Question 56

hypotonia

Answer 56

diminished muscle tone

Question 57

myotonia

Answer 57

neuromuscular disorder. causes slow relaxation of muscle

Question 58

ataxia

Answer 58

inability to coordinate

Question 59

dystaxia

Answer 59

mild form of ataxia

Question 60

contracture

Answer 60

permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, and tendons

Question 61

intermittent claudication

Answer 61

pain in leg muscles during exercise

Question 62

spasm

Answer 62

sudden muscle contraction

Question 63

cramp

Answer 63

localized spasm

Question 64

spasmodic torticollis

Answer 64

stiff neck